Q: During the resting membrane potential, which ions are predominantly found outside and inside the neuron, respectively?

Na\textsuperscript{+} outside, K\textsuperscript{+} inside

Q: Which equation best represents the Nernst equation for calculating the equilibrium potential of an ion?

$$E = \frac{RT}{zF} \ln \left( \frac{[\text{ion outside}]}{[\text{ion inside}]} \right)$$

Question 1

Which division of the nervous system is responsible for integrating sensory information and coordinating motor output?

Accepted Answer

Central nervous system

Question 2

A patient suffers damage to the Schwann cells in their peripheral nerves. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Impaired formation of myelin sheaths in the peripheral nervous system

Question 3

During the resting membrane potential, which ions are predominantly found outside and inside the neuron, respectively?

Accepted Answer

Na	extsuperscript{+} outside, K	extsuperscript{+} inside

Question 4

Which process occurs when the inside of a neuron becomes less negative due to the influx of Na	extsuperscript{+} ions?

Accepted Answer

Depolarization

Question 5

What is the primary function of myelin in the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

To insulate axons and increase the speed of action potential propagation

Question 6

Which type of conduction allows action potentials to 'jump' from one node of Ranvier to the next, increasing speed?

Accepted Answer

Saltatory conduction

Question 7

A patient is unable to feel pain in their skin but can still move their muscles. Which division of the peripheral nervous system is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Somatic sensory division

Question 8

Which glial cell is responsible for producing myelin in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocyte

Question 9

Which neurotransmitter type is most likely to be involved in mood regulation and is classified as a biogenic amine?

Accepted Answer

Serotonin

Question 10

If a neuron is hyperpolarized, what is happening to its membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

It is becoming more negative than the resting potential

Question 11

Which part of the neuron receives incoming signals from other neurons?

Accepted Answer

Dendrite

Question 12

Which division of the motor system is responsible for involuntary control of smooth muscle and glands?

Accepted Answer

Visceral motor division

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of the synapse in neuronal communication?

Accepted Answer

It is the site where neurotransmitters are released to transmit signals between neurons

Question 14

A patient with multiple sclerosis has damaged myelin in the CNS. Which cell type is most affected?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocyte

Question 15

Which equation best represents the Nernst equation for calculating the equilibrium potential of an ion?

Accepted Answer

$$E = \frac{RT}{zF} \ln \left( \frac{[	ext{ion outside}]}{[	ext{ion inside}]} ight)$$

Question 16

Which scenario best illustrates saltatory conduction?

Accepted Answer

An action potential jumps from one node of Ranvier to the next along a myelinated axon

Question 17

Which cell type acts as the immune defense in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Microglia

Question 18

Which neurotransmitter type is most likely to be released at a synapse involved in fast excitatory transmission in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Amino acid

Question 19

Which division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for the 'fight or flight' response?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic division

Question 20

A patient has a mutation that prevents the formation of nodes of Ranvier. What is the most likely effect on their neurons?

Accepted Answer

Saltatory conduction will be impaired, slowing action potential propagation

Fundamentals of the Nervous System: Structure and Function

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