$$\\Delta G = RT \\ln \\left( \\frac{[C]_2}{[C]_1} \\right)$$

Question 1

Which enzyme catalyzes the conversion of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate during glycogenesis?

Accepted Answer

Hexokinase

Question 2

During prolonged exercise, muscle fatigue is most closely associated with which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Depletion of muscle glycogen stores

Question 3

Which process describes the synthesis of new glucose molecules from non-carbohydrate precursors?

Accepted Answer

Gluconeogenesis

Question 4

A patient with a deficiency in glucose-6-phosphatase would have difficulty with which metabolic process?

Accepted Answer

Releasing free glucose from the liver into the blood

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why carbohydrate loading can improve endurance performance?

Accepted Answer

It maximizes muscle glycogen stores, delaying fatigue.

Question 6

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events during glycogenolysis in skeletal muscle?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen → Glucose-6-phosphate → Pyruvate

Question 7

Which of the following statements about the role of the liver in glucose homeostasis is correct?

Accepted Answer

The liver can convert glycogen to glucose and release it into the blood.

Question 8

Which enzyme is responsible for the breakdown of glycogen to glucose-6-phosphate?

Accepted Answer

Phosphorylase

Question 9

A marathon runner is experiencing fatigue near the end of a race. Which metabolic factor is most likely contributing to this fatigue?

Accepted Answer

Depletion of muscle glycogen stores

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the fate of amino acids during prolonged fasting or intense exercise?

Accepted Answer

They are converted to keto acids and used for ATP production.

Question 11

Which of the following equations best represents the driving force for passive transport of a solute across a membrane?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta G = RT \ln \left( \frac{[C]_2}{[C]_1} \right)$$

Question 12

Which of the following is a key difference between passive and active transport across cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

Active transport moves substances against their concentration gradient, requiring energy.

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why steady state is rarely achieved during most sports activities?

Accepted Answer

Workload and energy demands are constantly changing.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct statement about the relationship between muscle glycogen content and exercise time to fatigue?

Accepted Answer

Higher muscle glycogen content is associated with longer exercise time to fatigue.

Question 15

Which of the following is a substrate for gluconeogenesis?

Accepted Answer

Lactate

Question 16

A patient is unable to transport glucose from the liver to other tissues. Which enzyme deficiency is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Glucose-6-phosphatase

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of phosphorylase in glycogen metabolism?

Accepted Answer

It catalyzes the breakdown of glycogen to glucose-6-phosphate.

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why the nervous system relies heavily on glucose?

Accepted Answer

Glucose is the only substrate that can cross the blood-brain barrier efficiently.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct pathway for the breakdown of proteins for energy?

Accepted Answer

Proteins → Amino acids → Keto acids → Krebs cycle

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the process of 'chunking off' 2-carbon units from fatty acids for energy production?

Accepted Answer

Beta-oxidation

Glycogen Metabolism, Exercise Physiology, and Cellular Transport: Study Notes for Anatomy & Physiology

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