Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of heart valves?

Accepted Answer

They act as one-way 'push doors' that open when pushed from one direction and close when pushed from the other, preventing backflow of blood.

Question 2

A patient has damage to the chordae tendineae and papillary muscles. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Regurgitation of blood into the atria during ventricular contraction due to failure of AV valve closure.

Question 3

Which valve prevents backflow of blood from the right ventricle to the right atrium?

Accepted Answer

Tricuspid valve

Question 4

During ventricular contraction, which valves are open and which are closed?

Accepted Answer

Semilunar valves are open; AV valves are closed.

Question 5

Blood entering the systemic circuit is:

Accepted Answer

Oxygen-rich

Question 6

Which of the following equations best represents the pressure relationship required to open the semilunar valves?

Accepted Answer

$$P_{ventricle} \u003e P_{aorta/pulmonary\ trunk}$$

Question 7

A patient experiences angina pectoris. What is the underlying cause?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen deprivation of myocardial cells due to decreased blood flow (ischemia).

Question 8

If the left coronary artery is completely blocked, what is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

Myocardial infarction (heart tissue death) due to lack of oxygen.

Question 9

Which of the following statements about the pulmonary circuit is correct?

Accepted Answer

It carries blood to and from the gas exchange surfaces of the lungs.

Question 10

Which valve is also known as the mitral valve?

Accepted Answer

Bicuspid valve

Question 11

During which phase of the cardiac cycle does blood flow through the coronary arteries peak?

Accepted Answer

During relaxation (diastole)

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why contraction of the ventricles reduces blood flow through the coronary arteries?

Accepted Answer

Contraction compresses the coronary vessels, decreasing blood flow.

Question 13

Which of the following is a direct result if the papillary muscles are cut during heart surgery?

Accepted Answer

Regurgitation of blood into the atria due to failure of AV valve closure.

Question 14

Which of the following equations represents the condition for AV valve opening?

Accepted Answer

$$P_{atrium} \u003e P_{ventricle}$$

Question 15

A patient with aortic valve regurgitation would most likely experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Backflow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole.

Question 16

Which of the following is true regarding the systemic and pulmonary circuits?

Accepted Answer

Blood must alternate between the pulmonary and systemic circuits.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct sequence of blood flow through the heart and major vessels?

Accepted Answer

Right atrium → tricuspid valve → right ventricle → pulmonary semilunar valve → pulmonary trunk

Question 18

Which of the following is the primary function of the coronary circuit?

Accepted Answer

To bring oxygen and nutrients to heart tissue

Question 19

A patient presents with symptoms of ischemia. Which of the following is most likely to be observed in their heart tissue?

Accepted Answer

Decreased oxygen delivery to myocardial cells

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of the semilunar valves?

Accepted Answer

They prevent backflow of blood from the aorta and pulmonary trunk into the ventricles.

Heart Valves and Circulatory Pathways: Structure, Function, and Clinical Relevance

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