Q: Which of the following equations correctly calculates hematocrit ($$HCT) $$given the volume of red blood cells ($$V_{RBC}) $$and total blood volume ($$V_{Total}$$)?

$$HCT = \frac{V_{RBC}}{V_{Total}} \times 100$$

Question 1

Which plasma protein is primarily responsible for maintaining oncotic pressure in the blood, and what is its clinical significance in patients with liver disease?

Accepted Answer

Albumin; its deficiency can cause edema due to decreased oncotic pressure.

Question 2

A patient presents with pallor, fatigue, and spoon-shaped nails. Laboratory results show low hemoglobin, low ferritin, and high red cell distribution width (RDW). Which type of anemia is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Iron deficiency anemia

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the role of hepcidin in iron metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Hepcidin decreases iron absorption by downregulating ferroportin.

Question 4

A patient with chronic kidney disease develops anemia. Laboratory values show normal iron stores but low transferrin saturation and high hepcidin. What is the most likely mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Functional iron deficiency due to impaired iron release from stores

Question 5

Which laboratory value is most useful for distinguishing between microcytic and macrocytic anemia?

Accepted Answer

Mean corpuscular volume (MCV)

Question 6

A patient with sickle cell disease has a mutation in the beta chain of hemoglobin. Which amino acid substitution is responsible for this disorder?

Accepted Answer

Glutamic acid replaced by valine

Question 7

Which of the following equations correctly calculates hematocrit ($$HCT) $$given the volume of red blood cells ($$V_{RBC}) $$and total blood volume ($$V_{Total}$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$HCT = \frac{V_{RBC}}{V_{Total}} 	imes 100$$

Question 8

A vegetarian patient is at increased risk for iron deficiency anemia. Which factor most significantly affects iron absorption from plant sources?

Accepted Answer

Low gastric acidity

Question 9

Which of the following is a common clinical feature unique to vitamin B12 deficiency compared to folate deficiency?

Accepted Answer

Neurological symptoms such as paresthesias and loss of vibration sense

Question 10

A patient with thalassemia major is at risk for which of the following complications due to frequent RBC transfusions?

Accepted Answer

Iron overload

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why reticulocyte count is elevated in hemolytic anemia?

Accepted Answer

Bone marrow compensates for increased RBC destruction by increasing production.

Question 12

A patient with anemia of chronic disease has normal or increased ferritin but low transferrin saturation. What is the underlying pathophysiology?

Accepted Answer

Impaired iron release from stores due to increased hepcidin

Question 13

Which of the following is the primary function of neutrophils in the blood?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis of bacteria and cellular debris

Question 14

A patient with polycythemia vera is at increased risk for which of the following complications?

Accepted Answer

Thrombosis due to increased blood viscosity

Question 15

Which laboratory value is most likely to be elevated in a patient with hemolytic anemia?

Accepted Answer

Reticulocyte count

Question 16

A patient with G6PD deficiency develops hemolytic anemia after taking a sulfa drug. What is the biochemical basis for this reaction?

Accepted Answer

Impaired reduction of glutathione leads to oxidative damage of hemoglobin.

Question 17

Which of the following formulas correctly calculates mean corpuscular volume ($$MCV) $$given hematocrit ($$HCT) $$and RBC count ($$RBC$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$MCV = \frac{HCT}{RBC} 	imes 10$$

Question 18

Which of the following is a compensatory mechanism in response to anemia?

Accepted Answer

Tachycardia to increase oxygen delivery to tissues

Question 19

A patient with megaloblastic anemia due to folate deficiency is most likely to have which laboratory finding?

Accepted Answer

Macrocytic RBCs with hypersegmented neutrophils

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the function of platelets in hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

Platelets aggregate to form a plug and release factors that promote vasoconstriction.

Hematology and Related Disorders: Study Notes for Anatomy & Physiology

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제

학습 가이드 - 플래시카드