Question 1

Which of the following best describes the concept of homeostasis in human physiology?

Accepted Answer

The maintenance of a relatively stable range of internal conditions despite continuous environmental changes.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a function of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Produces energy for cellular metabolism.

Question 3

A patient is exposed to a cold environment, causing their body temperature to drop. Which type of feedback mechanism is most likely to be activated to restore normal temperature?

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback

Question 4

Which of the following statements about valence electrons is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Valence electrons are located in the outermost energy level of an atom.

Question 5

Which element is required for the production of cellular energy (ATP) and makes up 65% of our body mass?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen

Question 6

A solution in the body has a pH of 7.4. Which of the following statements is correct?

Accepted Answer

The solution is slightly alkaline and close to the optimal pH for most enzyme activity.

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of positive feedback in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Childbirth contractions increasing in intensity until delivery.

Question 8

Which macronutrient provides the most long-term energy storage in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Fats

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why water is an effective medium for chemical reactions in the body?

Accepted Answer

Water has a high heat capacity and is a polar solvent, allowing it to dissolve ions and molecules.

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct statement about enzymes?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy required for chemical reactions.

Question 11

A cell in the human body is exposed to a toxin that disrupts its plasma membrane. Which of the following consequences is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Loss of protection from germs and inability to maintain gradients.

Question 12

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the Law of Mass Balance in physiology?

Accepted Answer

In a steady state, the total amount of a substance taken into the body must equal the amount lost.

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of carbon in organic molecules?

Accepted Answer

Forms the backbone of organic molecules and can make 4 bonds.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes a molecule?

Accepted Answer

Two or more atoms bonded together.

Question 15

A person is experiencing dehydration. Which property of water is most important in protecting their cells from damage?

Accepted Answer

Cushioning and reactivity for hydrolysis and dehydration reactions.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct statement about ions?

Accepted Answer

An ion carries an electric charge due to an unequal number of protons and electrons.

Question 17

Which of the following is a major advantage of multicellularity in humans?

Accepted Answer

Increased life span due to division of labor among cells.

Question 18

Which of the following is TRUE about the rate of chemical reactions in the body?

Accepted Answer

Increasing temperature generally increases reaction rate by raising energy input.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about water as a dipolar molecule?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen exerts strong pulls on electrons, making water an excellent solvent.

Question 20

A chemical reaction in the body requires a catalyst to proceed. Which statement is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Catalysts lower the activation energy and increase the rate of reaction.

Homeostasis, Basic Chemistry, and Cell Biology: Foundations of Anatomy & Physiology

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