Q: Which of the following equations best represents the general mechanism of action for a steroid hormone?

$$\text{Steroid hormone} + \text{Intracellular receptor} \rightarrow \text{Hormone-receptor complex} \rightarrow \text{Gene transcription change}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best explains why the distinction between protein and steroid hormones is important for understanding their mechanisms of action?

Accepted Answer

Steroid hormones can diffuse through the cell membrane and bind to intracellular receptors, while protein hormones bind to receptors on the cell surface.

Question 2

A patient is given a synthetic hormone that is lipid-soluble and can pass through the plasma membrane to bind to receptors inside the cell. Based on this information, which type of hormone is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Steroid hormone

Question 3

Which of the following statements about protein hormones is correct?

Accepted Answer

They bind to cell surface receptors and often use second messenger systems.

Question 4

Cortisol is a hormone involved in the stress response. Based on its classification as a steroid hormone, which of the following is true about its mechanism of action?

Accepted Answer

It diffuses through the cell membrane and binds to intracellular receptors, influencing gene transcription.

Question 5

Insulin is a protein hormone. Which of the following best describes how insulin exerts its effects on target cells?

Accepted Answer

It binds to a receptor on the cell surface, triggering a signaling cascade inside the cell.

Question 6

Which of the following hormones is correctly matched with its chemical class?

Accepted Answer

Testosterone – steroid hormone

Question 7

A researcher is studying a hormone that cannot cross the plasma membrane and requires a second messenger system to exert its effects. Which type of hormone is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Protein hormone

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the difference in the speed of action between protein and steroid hormones?

Accepted Answer

Protein hormones act more quickly because they activate signaling cascades at the cell surface.

Question 9

Which of the following equations best represents the general mechanism of action for a steroid hormone?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Steroid hormone} + 	ext{Intracellular receptor} ightarrow 	ext{Hormone-receptor complex} ightarrow 	ext{Gene transcription change}$$

Question 10

A patient with a genetic mutation that prevents the synthesis of cholesterol would have difficulty producing which type of hormone?

Accepted Answer

Steroid hormones

Question 11

Which of the following is a key reason why protein hormones cannot cross the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

They are too large and hydrophilic.

Question 12

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the application of the distinction between protein and steroid hormones in a clinical setting?

Accepted Answer

A nurse administers insulin, knowing it must be injected because it is a protein hormone and would be digested if taken orally.

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why steroid hormones typically have longer-lasting effects than protein hormones?

Accepted Answer

Steroid hormones alter gene expression, leading to changes in protein synthesis.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of protein hormones?

Accepted Answer

They are lipid-soluble and can cross the plasma membrane.

Question 15

Which hormone would most likely be affected if a cell's surface receptors were blocked?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Hormones: Protein vs. Steroid – Structure, Function, and Mechanisms of Action

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