Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the plasma membrane in human cells?

Accepted Answer

It is a selectively permeable barrier that regulates the movement of substances between the intracellular and extracellular compartments.

Question 2

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the distribution of body fluids?

Accepted Answer

Intracellular fluid makes up about two-thirds of total body fluid.

Question 3

A patient receives an intravenous solution that is hypertonic compared to their cytosol. What is the most likely effect on their red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

The cells will shrink as water moves out of them.

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why glucose requires a membrane protein to enter most cells?

Accepted Answer

Glucose is a large polar molecule and cannot pass through the hydrophobic core of the phospholipid bilayer.

Question 5

Which equation correctly represents the movement of solutes during simple diffusion?

Accepted Answer

$$J = -D \frac{dC}{dx}$$

Question 6

Which of the following membrane proteins is responsible for binding chemical messengers and initiating a cellular response?

Accepted Answer

Receptor proteins

Question 7

A cell is placed in an isotonic solution. What will happen to the cell's volume?

Accepted Answer

It will remain unchanged as water moves in and out at equal rates.

Question 8

Which of the following is a property of the phospholipid bilayer that allows it to function as a selectively permeable membrane?

Accepted Answer

It contains amphiphilic molecules with hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Passive movement of large, charged, or polar solutes across the membrane via a protein channel or carrier.

Question 10

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating osmotic pressure ($$\Pi) in a $$solution?

Accepted Answer

$$\Pi = iMRT$$

Question 11

Which type of membrane protein is responsible for speeding up chemical reactions at the cell surface?

Accepted Answer

Enzymatic proteins

Question 12

A cell in a hypotonic solution will experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Water will move into the cell, causing it to swell.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a function of membrane proteins?

Accepted Answer

Energy production

Question 14

Which process allows water to move passively across the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of aquaporins in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

They allow water molecules to pass rapidly through the membrane.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct statement about carrier proteins?

Accepted Answer

They bind specific substances and change shape to transport them across the membrane.

Question 17

Which of the following is the main force driving passive transport across the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Concentration gradient

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the difference between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Simple diffusion involves movement of small, nonpolar molecules directly through the bilayer, while facilitated diffusion requires membrane proteins for larger or charged molecules.

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-life example of passive transport in human physiology?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen diffusing from alveoli into blood capillaries in the lungs.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why the plasma membrane is described as a 'fluid mosaic'?

Accepted Answer

It consists of a dynamic arrangement of phospholipids and proteins that can move laterally within the layer.

Human Physiology Overview: Cell Membranes, Body Fluid Compartments, and Membrane Transport

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