Question 1

Which of the following best illustrates the principle of complementarity of structure and function in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Red blood cells are biconcave in shape, increasing their surface area for gas exchange.

Question 2

Arrange the following levels of structural organization in the correct order from simplest to most complex: 1) Organ, 2) Tissue, 3) Chemical, 4) Cellular, 5) Organism, 6) Organ System.

Accepted Answer

3, 4, 2, 1, 6, 5

Question 3

A patient is unable to maintain a stable internal temperature and frequently experiences dangerous fluctuations. Which homeostatic control mechanism is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of a positive feedback mechanism in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Blood clotting after a vessel injury

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the function of serous membranes in the body?

Accepted Answer

They secrete lubricating fluid to reduce friction between organs.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT considered an inorganic molecule?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Question 7

A solution contains NaCl dissolved in water. Which component is the solute?

Accepted Answer

NaCl

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why water is an excellent solvent for ionic compounds?

Accepted Answer

Water molecules form hydrogen bonds with ions, surrounding and separating them.

Question 9

Which of the following equations correctly represents the oxidation of glucose during cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$6C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + ATP$$

Question 10

A patient is found to have a blood pH of 7.1. Which of the following best describes this condition?

Accepted Answer

Acidosis

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the difference between organic and inorganic molecules?

Accepted Answer

Organic molecules contain carbon, usually covalently bonded; inorganic molecules generally do not contain carbon, with exceptions like $$CO_2.$$

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of proteins in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Act as enzymes to catalyze biochemical reactions

Question 13

Which of the following best describes a suspension?

Accepted Answer

A heterogeneous mixture where solute particles are large enough to settle out over time.

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of mechanical energy in the human body?

Accepted Answer

The contraction of muscles to ride a bicycle

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why negative feedback is more common than positive feedback in maintaining homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback opposes changes, helping to maintain stability in the internal environment.

Question 16

A person is exposed to a cold environment. Which of the following best describes the body's response via a negative feedback mechanism?

Accepted Answer

The body increases shivering to generate heat and restore normal temperature.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of calcium ions ($$Ca^{2+}) in $$the human body?

Accepted Answer

They are essential for muscle contraction and nerve impulse conduction.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the chemical bonds in a water molecule?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bonds between hydrogen and oxygen atoms

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of the plasma membrane in human cells?

Accepted Answer

It regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are necessary for chemical reactions in the body?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy required for reactions to occur.

Human Physiology Study Guide: The Human Body and Chemistry Foundations

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