Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of inflammation in the innate immune response?

Accepted Answer

To increase blood flow and recruit immune cells to the site of injury or infection

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a cardinal sign of inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Pallor (paleness)

Question 3

A patient presents with a bacterial infection. Which type of phagocyte is most likely to arrive first at the site of infection?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophil

Question 4

Which of the following best explains the process of opsonization?

Accepted Answer

The coating of pathogens with molecules that enhance phagocytosis

Question 5

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in phagocyte mobilization during inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Leukocytosis → Margination → Diapedesis → Chemotaxis

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the role of interferons (IFNs) in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

They protect non-infected cells by inducing the production of antiviral proteins

Question 7

Which pathway of complement activation is triggered by antibodies bound to antigens?

Accepted Answer

Classical pathway

Question 8

A patient has a genetic deficiency in MHC class II proteins. Which immune function would be most directly impaired?

Accepted Answer

Activation of helper T cells by antigen-presenting cells

Question 9

Which of the following best defines an antigen?

Accepted Answer

A molecule that can trigger a specific immune response

Question 10

Which of the following is a key difference between the primary and secondary humoral immune responses?

Accepted Answer

The secondary response is faster and produces more potent antibodies due to memory cells

Question 11

Which antibody class is most abundant in blood plasma and is responsible for the majority of antibody-based immunity?

Accepted Answer

IgG

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the structure of an antibody molecule?

Accepted Answer

Two heavy chains and two light chains, each with variable and constant regions

Question 13

Which process ensures that T cells do NOT react strongly to self-antigens, thus preventing autoimmunity?

Accepted Answer

Negative selection in the thymus

Question 14

A patient is exposed to a pathogen for the first time. Which immune response is activated first?

Accepted Answer

Innate immune response

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why hyperemia is beneficial during inflammation?

Accepted Answer

It increases the delivery of oxygen, nutrients, and immune cells to the affected tissue

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of cytotoxic (CD8+) T cells?

Accepted Answer

Directly killing virus-infected or cancerous cells

Question 17

Which antibody class is primarily found in exocrine secretions such as saliva and breast milk, and often exists as a dimer?

Accepted Answer

IgA

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

They display processed antigen fragments on MHC proteins to activate T cells

Question 19

Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between antibody structure and antigen binding sites?

Accepted Answer

$$n_{binding\ sites} = 2$$\ for\ a\ monomeric\ antibody$

Question 20

A patient with a fever is found to have elevated levels of pyrogens. Which of the following best explains the physiological effect of pyrogens?

Accepted Answer

They reset the hypothalamic thermostat to a higher set point, causing body temperature to rise

Innate and Adaptive Immunity: Key Concepts and Mechanisms

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제