Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of arrector pili muscles in the skin?

Accepted Answer

They contract to pull hair follicles upright, causing 'goose bumps' and aiding in thermoregulation.

Question 2

A patient presents with yellowing of the skin and sclera. Which of the following is the most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

Jaundice, indicating possible liver dysfunction.

Question 3

Which layer of the hair shaft is responsible for providing strength and contains several layers of flattened cells?

Accepted Answer

Cortex

Question 4

Which of the following glands is most responsible for thermoregulation through secretion of a watery fluid?

Accepted Answer

Eccrine (merocrine) sweat glands

Question 5

A 45-year-old man notices that his scalp hair is thinning. Which physiological change is most likely responsible for this observation?

Accepted Answer

Decreased number of active hair follicles due to aging

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a function of the integumentary system?

Accepted Answer

Production of red blood cells

Question 7

A person with a genetic defect that prevents the production of sebum would most likely experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Dry and brittle skin and hair due to lack of lubrication

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why the skin is considered a physical barrier?

Accepted Answer

Keratinized cells of the stratum corneum block most water and water-soluble substances.

Question 9

A newborn is diagnosed with 'cradle cap.' Which gland is most likely overactive in this condition?

Accepted Answer

Sebaceous gland

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events when the body temperature rises above normal?

Accepted Answer

Dermal blood vessels dilate and sweat glands increase activity to cool the body.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of melanin in the skin?

Accepted Answer

It provides a chemical barrier against UV radiation damage.

Question 12

A patient with a wound that is slow to heal and bleeds excessively may have a deficiency in which skin function?

Accepted Answer

Blood reservoir

Question 13

Which of the following is a metabolic function of the skin?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of vitamin D from cholesterol when exposed to sunlight

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why elderly individuals are more prone to skin infections?

Accepted Answer

Decreased numbers of melanocytes and dendritic cells reduce immune defense.

Question 15

A person sweats profusely during exercise, losing about 1.2 L of sweat per hour. If the sweat contains 0.5% sodium chloride by mass, how many grams of sodium chloride are lost in 2 hours?

Accepted Answer

$$1.2 	imes 2 = 2.4 L of $$sweat; $$2.4 kg ($$assuming $$1 L$$ $$\approx 1 kg$$); $$0.5\% of$$ $$2.4 kg$$ $$= 0.012 kg$$ $$= 12 g$$

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct statement about the nail matrix?

Accepted Answer

It is the thickened proximal portion of the nail bed responsible for nail growth.

Question 17

A person with a genetic mutation that prevents the production of dermcidin would most likely have which of the following problems?

Accepted Answer

Increased susceptibility to bacterial skin infections

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of ceruminous glands?

Accepted Answer

They secrete cerumen (earwax) to protect the ear canal.

Question 19

Which of the following is a biological barrier provided by the skin?

Accepted Answer

Epidermal dendritic cells that activate the immune system

Question 20

A patient with a burn covering a large area of skin is at risk for which of the following complications due to loss of skin function?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration due to increased loss of salt and water

Integumentary System – Structure, Function, and Clinical Aspects

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