Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the skeletal system?

Accepted Answer

Production of hormones

Question 2

A patient presents with a fracture in a bone that is classified as 'flat.' Which of the following bones is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Sternum

Question 3

Which structure surrounds the outer surface of bone and is composed of dense irregular connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

Periosteum

Question 4

In long bones, what is the function of the epiphyseal line?

Accepted Answer

It is the remnant of the growth plate and separates the epiphysis from the diaphysis.

Question 5

Which type of bone cell is responsible for breaking down bone matrix during remodeling?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclast

Question 6

A deficiency in which component of the bone matrix is most likely to result in osteoporosis?

Accepted Answer

Inorganic matrix (hydroxyapatite)

Question 7

Which process describes the formation of bone from a membrane, as seen in the development of flat bones?

Accepted Answer

Intramembranous ossification

Question 8

During endochondral ossification, which cell type is responsible for replacing calcified cartilage with bone?

Accepted Answer

Osteoblasts

Question 9

Which hormone primarily stimulates longitudinal bone growth during puberty?

Accepted Answer

Estrogen

Question 10

A child with excess growth hormone before epiphyseal plate closure is likely to develop which condition?

Accepted Answer

Gigantism

Question 11

Which equation best represents the chemical formula for hydroxyapatite, the main inorganic component of bone?

Accepted Answer

$$Ca_{10}(PO_4$)_6(OH)_2$$

Question 12

If blood calcium levels drop below normal, which process is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts increase bone resorption to release calcium.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes appositional growth in bones?

Accepted Answer

Increase in bone width by addition of new bone tissue at the surface.

Question 14

A patient with a fracture in the vertebral column is most likely to have injured which type of bone?

Accepted Answer

Irregular bone

Question 15

Which of the following bones is classified as a sesamoid bone?

Accepted Answer

Patella

Question 16

Which part of a long bone contains the yellow bone marrow in adults?

Accepted Answer

Medullary cavity

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct sequence for bone repair after a fracture?

Accepted Answer

Hematoma formation → soft callus → bony callus → bone remodeling

Question 18

Which of the following structures is found between the bodies of adjacent vertebrae and acts as a shock absorber?

Accepted Answer

Intervertebral disc

Question 19

Which bone is part of the pectoral girdle?

Accepted Answer

Clavicle

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why weight-bearing exercise is recommended for osteoporosis prevention?

Accepted Answer

It stimulates osteoblast activity, increasing bone deposition.

Introduction to Bones as Organs: Structure and Function of the Skeletal System

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