Course Overview

Introduction to Human Physiology

This course provides an introduction to the study of human physiology, focusing on the fundamental principles that govern the function of the human body. Students will explore core themes, organizational hierarchy, and essential physiological mechanisms such as homeostasis and feedback loops.

• Instructor: Dr. Gina Whitaker, BSc Kin, PhD

• Contact: gina.whitaker@ubc.ca

• Office Hours: Wednesdays 10am–11am & Thursdays 11am–12pm (beginning week 2)

• Location: UBC Okanagan Campus, COM 201

Course Structure and Resources

Class and Lab Organization

The course consists of lectures, laboratory sessions, quizzes, and interactive activities designed to facilitate active learning and engagement.

• Lecture Schedule: Thursdays 12:30pm–1:50pm

• Lab Sessions: Multiple time slots available; students must attend their registered lab

• Participation: iClicker Cloud app used for in-class engagement

• Online Platform: Canvas for announcements, grades, and resources

• Additional Tools: Mastering A&P, LT lab software

Core Themes in Human Physiology

Defining Anatomy and Physiology

Understanding the distinction between anatomy and physiology is foundational for the study of the human body.

• Anatomy: The study of form or structure of body parts.

• Physiology: The study of function—how body parts work and carry out life-sustaining activities.

• Principle: Structure follows function—the form of a body part is related to its function.

Hierarchy of Organization

Levels of Structural Organization

The human body is organized into a hierarchy of structural levels, each contributing to overall function.

• Chemical Level: Atoms and molecules

• Cellular Level: Cells and their organelles

• Tissue Level: Groups of similar cells performing a common function

• Organ Level: Structures composed of two or more tissue types

• Organ System Level: Groups of organs working together

• Organismal Level: The human body as a whole

Homeostasis

Definition and Importance

Homeostasis is the physiological process by which the body maintains a stable internal environment despite changes in external conditions. It is essential for survival and optimal function.

• Goal: Maintain equilibrium of internal conditions (e.g., temperature, pH, fluid balance)

• Mechanism: Achieved through feedback loops

Feedback Loops

Types and Mechanisms

Feedback loops are regulatory mechanisms that help maintain homeostasis by responding to changes in the internal environment.

• Negative Feedback Loop: The most common type; reduces or reverses the initial stimulus to restore balance.

• Positive Feedback Loop: Less common; amplifies the initial stimulus, often used when a rapid change is needed.

Negative Feedback Example

• Body Temperature Regulation: If body temperature rises, mechanisms such as sweating are activated to cool the body, returning temperature to normal.

Positive Feedback Example

• Childbirth: Pressure of the baby on the cervix stimulates oxytocin release, which increases uterine contractions, further increasing pressure until delivery.

Feedback Loop Table

Course Success Tips

Strategies for Effective Learning

To succeed in this course, students should utilize available resources, maintain a consistent study schedule, and actively participate in class and lab activities.

• Use the textbook, online platforms, and lab software

• Attend lectures and labs regularly

• Engage with iClicker questions for participation marks

• Collaborate with peers and seek help from TAs and the instructor

Assessment Overview

Grading Components

Student performance is evaluated through a combination of participation, quizzes, lab activities, and exams.

• iClicker Participation: 5%

• Quizzes: 10%

• Lab Activities and Attendance: 30%

• Midterm Exams: Scheduled in October and November

• Final Exam: Covers all material from the semester

Additional info:

• Some details about the lab schedule and participation requirements were inferred from fragmented notes and images.

• Examples of feedback loops and hierarchy levels were expanded for academic completeness.