Q: Which equation best represents the relationship between the proportion of cells and ECM in a tissue?

$$\frac{\text{Cells}}{\text{ECM}} = \text{Tissue-specific ratio}$$

Q: Which equation would you use to calculate the total surface area available for absorption in a segment of the small intestine lined with microvilli?

$$A_{\text{total}} = A_{\text{cell}} \times N_{\text{microvilli}}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

It gives strength to resist tensile and compressive forces, and holds cells in proper positions within tissue.

Question 2

Which component of the ECM is primarily responsible for binding cells together and facilitating cell-to-cell communication?

Accepted Answer

Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs)

Question 3

A tissue sample from the esophagus is examined under a microscope. The cells are arranged in multiple layers, with the outermost cells appearing flat and squamous. Which type of epithelial tissue is most likely present?

Accepted Answer

Stratified squamous epithelium

Question 4

Which equation best represents the relationship between the proportion of cells and ECM in a tissue?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{	ext{Cells}}{	ext{ECM}} = 	ext{Tissue-specific ratio}$$

Question 5

Which type of epithelial tissue is specialized for rapid diffusion of substances such as oxygen and carbon dioxide?

Accepted Answer

Simple squamous epithelium

Question 6

A patient presents with a skin condition where the outer layers of the skin are tough, resistant to friction, and lack nuclei. Which protein is most likely responsible for these properties?

Accepted Answer

Keratin

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the function of goblet cells in epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

They produce a thick, sticky mucus to protect underlying tissues.

Question 8

Which type of gland releases its product by rupturing the entire cell, as seen in sebaceous glands?

Accepted Answer

Holocrine gland

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct sequence of organization from smallest to largest in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Cell → Tissue → Organ → Organ system → Organism

Question 10

Which type of epithelial tissue is found lining the urinary bladder and is specialized to stretch and recoil?

Accepted Answer

Transitional epithelium

Question 11

A researcher is studying the ECM of connective tissue and finds a high concentration of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). What is the primary role of GAGs in the ECM?

Accepted Answer

They help retain water and create a gel-like ground substance.

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why simple columnar epithelium in the small intestine often contains microvilli on its apical surface?

Accepted Answer

To enhance absorption by increasing surface area

Question 13

Which equation would you use to calculate the total surface area available for absorption in a segment of the small intestine lined with microvilli?

Accepted Answer

$$A_{	ext{total}} = A_{	ext{cell}} 	imes N_{	ext{microvilli}}$$

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a function of epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

Generation of action potentials

Question 15

A biopsy from a sweat gland reveals cells arranged in two layers, both cuboidal in shape. Which type of epithelial tissue is this?

Accepted Answer

Stratified cuboidal epithelium

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the difference between endocrine and exocrine glands?

Accepted Answer

Exocrine glands secrete products into ducts; endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream.

Question 17

Which type of cell junction is most important for preventing leakage of substances between adjacent epithelial cells?

Accepted Answer

Tight junctions

Question 18

A patient with a genetic defect in collagen synthesis is likely to have problems with which tissue type?

Accepted Answer

Connective tissue

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why stratified squamous epithelium is found in areas subject to abrasion, such as the skin and esophagus?

Accepted Answer

It provides multiple layers of protection against mechanical stress.

Question 20

Which equation would you use to estimate the total number of cells in a tissue sample if you know the volume of the tissue and the average volume of a single cell?

Accepted Answer

$$N_{	ext{cells}} = \frac{V_{	ext{tissue}}}{V_{	ext{cell}}}$$

Introduction to Human Tissues and the Extracellular Matrix

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