Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a classic step used to identify an endocrine gland and the hormone it produces?

Accepted Answer

Measure hormone concentration in urine

Question 2

Which of the following is a function regulated by hormones in the human body?

Accepted Answer

All of the above

Question 3

A hormone is defined as a chemical signal that is:

Accepted Answer

Secreted by a cell or group of cells into the blood and transported to a distant target

Question 4

Which of the following statements about hormone action is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Hormones act by binding to specific receptors on target cells

Question 5

Peptide hormones are synthesized as inactive precursors called:

Accepted Answer

Preprohormones

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the transport and half-life of steroid hormones?

Accepted Answer

Bound to carrier proteins in blood; long half-life

Question 7

Amine hormones derived from tyrosine that behave like peptide hormones include:

Accepted Answer

Catecholamines (epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine)

Question 8

Which hormone is secreted by the posterior pituitary and is involved in water reabsorption in the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone, ADH)

Question 9

The hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system is important because it:

Accepted Answer

Allows rapid transport of hormones from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary

Question 10

Which feedback mechanism is most dominant in the hypothalamic-pituitary pathway?

Accepted Answer

Long-loop negative feedback

Question 11

Synergism in hormone interactions refers to:

Accepted Answer

The effect of interacting hormones being more than additive

Question 12

Down-regulation of hormone receptors occurs in response to:

Accepted Answer

Abnormally high hormone levels

Question 13

Which equation best represents the calculation of plasma glucose concentration after fasting for 8 hours?

Accepted Answer

$$C_{glucose} = \frac{mass_{glucose}}{volume_{plasma}}$$

Question 14

Which of the following is a diagnostic criterion for metabolic syndrome?

Accepted Answer

Central obesity (waist circumference \u003e40" male, \u003e35" female)

Question 15

In type 1 diabetes mellitus, which of the following is a direct consequence of insulin deficiency?

Accepted Answer

Cells switch to fasted-state metabolism

Question 16

Which hormone stimulates glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis in the liver during the fasted state?

Accepted Answer

Glucagon

Question 17

Which of the following is TRUE regarding insulin’s cellular mechanism of action?

Accepted Answer

Insulin binds to a tyrosine kinase receptor and activates insulin-receptor substrates (IRS)

Question 18

A patient with hyperinsulinemia is likely to experience which cellular adaptation?

Accepted Answer

Down-regulation of insulin receptors

Question 19

Which of the following drugs would be LEAST effective in treating type 2 diabetes mellitus?

Accepted Answer

A drug that blocks insulin receptors

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of trophic hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary?

Accepted Answer

They stimulate secretion of other hormones from peripheral endocrine glands

Introduction to the Endocrine System: Hormones and Their Regulation

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