Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the muscular system?

Accepted Answer

It allows movement, maintains posture, and produces heat.

Question 2

A patient is experiencing difficulty maintaining a stable internal temperature despite changes in the external environment. Which physiological principle is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Homeostasis

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of a negative feedback mechanism in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of blood glucose by insulin reducing high blood sugar

Question 4

Which chemical bond involves the sharing of electrons between atoms?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bond

Question 5

A solution has a pH of 5. Which statement is correct regarding its acidity?

Accepted Answer

It is acidic because the pH is below 7 and hydrogen ions outnumber hydroxide ions.

Question 6

Which process breaks down polymers into monomers by adding water molecules?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the structure of a phospholipid in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It has polar heads and nonpolar tails arranged in a bilayer.

Question 8

Which type of protein structure is characterized by alpha helices and beta-pleated sheets stabilized by hydrogen bonds?

Accepted Answer

Secondary structure

Question 9

Which of the following is a function of ATP in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Transfers energy for cell metabolism, muscle contraction, and regeneration

Question 10

Which type of cell junction prevents molecules from passing through the extracellular spaces between adjacent cells?

Accepted Answer

Tight junctions

Question 11

Which of the following reactions releases energy?

Accepted Answer

Exergonic reaction

Question 12

A molecule of DNA differs from RNA in which of the following ways?

Accepted Answer

DNA is double stranded and contains deoxyribose sugar.

Question 13

Which organ system is primarily responsible for delivering oxygen and nutrients to tissues?

Accepted Answer

Cardiovascular system

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of enzymes in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

They are globular proteins that act as biological catalysts, speeding up reactions.

Question 15

Which of the following is true about water as an inorganic compound?

Accepted Answer

It has high heat capacity, high heat of vaporization, and is a polar solvent.

Question 16

Which process uses energy from ATP to move substances against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Primary active transport

Question 17

Which of the following best describes a triglyceride?

Accepted Answer

It has a 3:1 ratio of compact form for energy storage.

Question 18

Which type of chemical reaction involves both synthesis and decomposition?

Accepted Answer

Exchange reaction

Question 19

Which of the following is a property of acids?

Accepted Answer

Ionizes into H+ and a negative ion (anion)

Question 20

Which of the following is a function of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Provides and structural barrier, selective permeability, communication, and fluidity/flexibility

Introductory Study Notes for Anatomy & Physiology: Structural Organization, Chemistry, Biomolecules, and Cell Biology

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