Question 1

Which of the following best describes the pathophysiology of Multiple Sclerosis (MS)?

Accepted Answer

Autoimmune attack on the myelin sheath surrounding axons in the central nervous system

Question 2

A patient presents with minimal facial expression, shuffling gait, and resting tremors. Which neurotransmitter is most likely deficient in this condition?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Question 3

Which drug acts by blocking the reuptake of serotonin to treat depressive disorders?

Accepted Answer

Prozac

Question 4

A newborn is diagnosed with spina bifida. Which prenatal intervention could have reduced the risk of this condition?

Accepted Answer

Folic acid (Vitamin B$$_{9}) $$supplementation three months prior to conception

Question 5

Which of the following is a primary brain tumor originating from glial cells and is most commonly an astrocytoma?

Accepted Answer

Glioma

Question 6

A patient with Tay-Sachs disease is deficient in which enzyme, leading to the accumulation of gangliosides in the brain?

Accepted Answer

Hexosaminidase-A

Question 7

Which of the following best explains the mechanism of action of caffeine on the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Caffeine competes with adenosine for its receptors, preventing inhibition of acetylcholine release

Question 8

A patient is diagnosed with Lou Gehrig's disease (ALS). Which neurons are primarily affected in this condition?

Accepted Answer

Alpha-motor neurons in the anterior horn of the spinal cord and upper motor neurons of the cerebral cortex

Question 9

Which of the following EEG wave patterns is most commonly observed in awake adults engaged in mental activity?

Accepted Answer

Beta waves

Question 10

A patient with schizophrenia is treated with drugs that block postsynaptic dopamine receptors. What is the rationale for this treatment?

Accepted Answer

Schizophrenia is caused by excessive release of dopamine

Question 11

Which of the following disorders is characterized by progressive loss of recent memory, neurofibrillary tangles, and senile plaques?

Accepted Answer

Alzheimer's disease

Question 12

A patient experiences sudden bursts of excitatory electrical activity in the brain, resulting in loss of consciousness and uncontrolled muscle activity. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Epileptic seizure

Question 13

Which of the following drugs is most likely to produce a 'rush of good feelings' by blocking dopamine reuptake?

Accepted Answer

Cocaine

Question 14

A patient with Broca's aphasia will most likely present with which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Inability to produce speech, but intact language comprehension

Question 15

Which of the following is a hereditary disorder characterized by exaggerated unwanted movements and 'chorea'?

Accepted Answer

Huntington's disease

Question 16

A patient is diagnosed with infectious meningitis. Which of the following is the most appropriate diagnostic procedure?

Accepted Answer

Examination of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the effect of monoamine oxidase inhibitors on neurotransmitter levels?

Accepted Answer

They interfere with the breakdown of monoamine transmitters, increasing their levels

Question 18

A patient with depressive disorder is prescribed a drug that prolongs the lifespan of serotonin in the synaptic cleft. Which equation best represents the effect of this drug on serotonin concentration $$[S]$$ over time $$t$$?

Accepted Answer

$$[S](t) = [S]_0 e$$^{-kt}$$, where k$ is decreased$

Question 19

Which of the following disorders is most likely to result in blindness, loss of coordination, and dementia, with death by age 3?

Accepted Answer

Tay-Sachs disease

Question 20

A patient is unable to understand spoken language but speaks fluently with adequate grammar and syntax. Which area of the brain is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Wernicke's area

Nervous System Disorders – Key Concepts and Terminology 11

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