Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of Peyer's patches in the lymphatic system?

Accepted Answer

They monitor intestinal bacteria populations and prevent the growth of pathogenic bacteria in the intestines.

Question 2

A patient has a swollen lymph node in the neck. Which anatomical feature of lymph nodes allows them to filter lymph efficiently?

Accepted Answer

Numerous afferent vessels and a single efferent vessel, slowing lymph flow for filtration.

Question 3

Which lymphatic tissue is classified as MALT and is found in the pharynx?

Accepted Answer

Tonsils

Question 4

What is the primary function of the spleen in the lymphatic system?

Accepted Answer

Filtration of blood and removal of old erythrocytes

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the pathway of lymph from the lymphatic capillaries back to the cardiovascular system?

Accepted Answer

Lymphatic capillaries → lymphatic vessels → lymph nodes → thoracic duct/right lymphatic duct → subclavian vein

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a function of the lymphatic system?

Accepted Answer

Producing red blood cells

Question 7

Which statement about the thymus is correct?

Accepted Answer

It decreases in size after puberty.

Question 8

A patient receives a vaccine and develops immunity. Which type of immunity is this?

Accepted Answer

Active artificial immunity

Question 9

Which of the following is a function of plasma cells?

Accepted Answer

Production of antibodies

Question 10

Which antibody is most abundant in the blood and provides long-term protection?

Accepted Answer

IgG

Question 11

What is opsonization?

Accepted Answer

Coating of pathogens with antibodies or complement proteins to enhance phagocytosis

Question 12

Which cells present antigens with MHC class II molecules?

Accepted Answer

Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) such as dendritic cells, macrophages, and B cells

Question 13

During the classical pathway of complement activation, which molecule binds to the antigen-antibody complex to initiate the cascade?

Accepted Answer

C1

Question 14

A patient is exposed to a pathogen for the first time. Which immune response is activated first?

Accepted Answer

Innate immune response

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of regulatory T cells?

Accepted Answer

Suppressing immune responses to prevent autoimmunity

Question 16

Which event occurs during the inflammatory response?

Accepted Answer

Release of histamine leading to increased vascular permeability

Question 17

Which formula correctly represents the calculation of the net filtration pressure (NFP) in a lymphatic capillary?

Accepted Answer

$$NFP = (HP_c - HP_i) - (OP_c - OP_i)$$

Question 18

Which of the following best explains the difference between active and passive immunity?

Accepted Answer

Active immunity results from exposure to antigens and formation of memory cells; passive immunity results from receiving antibodies produced by another individual.

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of cytotoxic T cells?

Accepted Answer

Directly killing virus-infected and cancer cells

Question 20

A patient with a deficiency in complement proteins would most likely have impaired formation of which structure?

Accepted Answer

Membrane attack complex (MAC)

Lymphatic and Immune Systems: Key Concepts and Functions

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