$$\text{Antigen} + \text{APC} \rightarrow \text{T cell activation} \rightarrow \text{B cell activation} \rightarrow \text{Antibody production}$$

$$\text{Pathogen} + \text{Phagocyte} \rightarrow \text{Engulfment} \rightarrow \text{Destruction}$$

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT considered a component of the innate (natural) immune system?

Accepted Answer

B cells

Question 2

A patient is exposed to a new strain of influenza virus. Which immune response will act first to protect the body?

Accepted Answer

Innate immune response

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the main difference between innate and adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

Adaptive immunity has memory, while innate immunity does not

Question 4

Which of the following is a function of the complement system?

Accepted Answer

Directly killing pathogens

Question 5

Chemotaxis in the immune system is best described as:

Accepted Answer

The movement of immune cells toward infection sites

Question 6

Which equation best represents the relationship between antigen recognition and antibody production in adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Antigen} + 	ext{APC} ightarrow 	ext{T cell activation} ightarrow 	ext{B cell activation} ightarrow 	ext{Antibody production}$$

Question 7

A patient with a genetic defect in phagocytosis is likely to have problems with which part of the immune response?

Accepted Answer

Destruction of pathogens by engulfment

Question 8

Which of the following is the primary role of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

Presenting antigens to activate T cells

Question 9

Which type of immunity involves B cells and antibody production?

Accepted Answer

Humoral immunity

Question 10

Helper T cells (CD4+) contribute to the immune response by:

Accepted Answer

Activating other immune cells by releasing cytokines

Question 11

Which of the following statements about the primary and secondary immune responses is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

The secondary immune response is faster and stronger due to memory cells

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of cytokines in the immune system?

Accepted Answer

They are chemical messengers that regulate immune responses

Question 13

A patient is unable to produce memory cells. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

They will have a slower and weaker response to repeated infections

Question 14

Which of the following equations best represents the process of phagocytosis?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Pathogen} + 	ext{Phagocyte} ightarrow 	ext{Engulfment} ightarrow 	ext{Destruction}$$

Question 15

Which immune cells are primarily responsible for cell-mediated immunity?

Accepted Answer

T cells

Question 16

A patient with a deficiency in the complement system would most likely experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Reduced ability to directly kill pathogens

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the second line of defense in the immune system?

Accepted Answer

Complement system $$\rightarrow$$ Phagocytes $$\rightarrow$$ Inflammation

Question 18

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the role of Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) in immunity?

Accepted Answer

MHC proteins help present antigens to T cells for recognition

Question 19

Which immune cell type is responsible for producing antibodies?

Accepted Answer

B cells

Question 20

Which equation best represents the activation of helper T cells by antigen-presenting cells?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{APC} + 	ext{Antigen} ightarrow 	ext{MHC presentation} ightarrow 	ext{CD4^+ T cell activation}$$

Lymphatic System and Immunity: Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses

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