Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the lymphatic system?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of blood glucose levels

Question 2

Lymphatic capillaries are more permeable than blood capillaries. Which feature allows them to absorb large molecules and cells?

Accepted Answer

Overlapping endothelial cells that form flap-like valves

Question 3

Which lymphatic organ is responsible for the maturation of T lymphocytes and is largest during childhood?

Accepted Answer

Thymus

Question 4

A patient develops swelling in their arm after lymph node removal during cancer surgery. What is the most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

Lymphedema due to impaired lymphatic drainage

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the flow of lymph through the lymphatic system?

Accepted Answer

Lymphatic capillaries → lymph-collecting vessels → lymph trunks → lymphatic duct → subclavian vein

Question 6

Which of the following is a specialized lymphatic capillary found in the small intestine that absorbs dietary lipids?

Accepted Answer

Lacteal

Question 7

Which cell type is most effective against bacterial infections and is the most abundant phagocyte in blood?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophil

Question 8

Which immune cell is capable of killing virus-infected and cancerous cells by releasing cytotoxic substances?

Accepted Answer

Natural killer (NK) cell

Question 9

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the complement system?

Accepted Answer

It consists of plasma proteins that, when activated, can form a membrane attack complex to lyse pathogens.

Question 10

A patient receives a kidney transplant. Which class of MHC proteins on the donor kidney cells is most likely to trigger rejection by the recipient's cytotoxic T cells?

Accepted Answer

Class I MHC

Question 11

Which of the following is a property of adaptive immunity that allows the immune system to respond more rapidly and effectively upon re-exposure to the same antigen?

Accepted Answer

Memory

Question 12

Which antibody is primarily responsible for mediating Type I hypersensitivity (allergic) reactions?

Accepted Answer

IgE

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of helper T cells (CD4+)?

Accepted Answer

They secrete cytokines to stimulate the function of other immune cells.

Question 14

Which of the following is a real-world example of passive immunity?

Accepted Answer

A newborn receiving antibodies from breast milk

Question 15

Which process allows phagocytes to exit the bloodstream and enter tissues at sites of infection?

Accepted Answer

Diapedesis

Question 16

A patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is experiencing widespread inflammation due to immune complexes. Which type of hypersensitivity is this?

Accepted Answer

Type III (immune complex-mediated)

Question 17

Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between fluid movement and pressure in lymphatic capillaries?

Accepted Answer

$$P_{interstitial} \u003e P_{lymphatic}$$: flaps open, fluid enters$

Question 18

Which of the following is a consequence of chronic stress on the immune system?

Accepted Answer

Decreased production of antibodies and reduced phagocyte activity

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why the elderly are more susceptible to infections and cancer?

Accepted Answer

Reduced thymic hormone production and fewer responsive T cells

Question 20

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the activation of cytotoxic T cells?

Accepted Answer

They require binding to antigen presented by Class I MHC and co-stimulation.

Lymphatic System and Immunity: Structure, Function, and Clinical Relevance

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