Question 1

Which of the following statements correctly distinguishes atomic number from mass number?

Accepted Answer

Atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus, while mass number is the sum of protons and neutrons.

Question 2

A carbon atom has 6 protons, 6 neutrons, and 6 electrons. What is its atomic mass?

Accepted Answer

$$12$$

Question 3

Which subatomic particle is responsible for the chemical reactivity of an atom?

Accepted Answer

Electron

Question 4

Which of the following best describes an isotope?

Accepted Answer

Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.

Question 5

Radioisotopes are used in medical imaging because:

Accepted Answer

They emit radiation that can be detected by cameras to visualize internal structures.

Question 6

Which of the following is a correct example of a solution in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Blood plasma with dissolved glucose

Question 7

What is the main difference between a colloid and a suspension?

Accepted Answer

Suspensions have particles that settle out over time, while colloids do not.

Question 8

Which statement about the valence shell is correct?

Accepted Answer

Atoms are most stable when their valence shell contains 8 electrons (octet rule).

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of an ionic bond in the human body?

Accepted Answer

NaCl (sodium chloride)

Question 10

A molecule of water (H$$_2O) is $$held together by which type of bond?

Accepted Answer

Polar covalent bond

Question 11

Which of the following best describes a hydrogen bond?

Accepted Answer

A weak electrostatic attraction between a hydrogen atom and an electronegative atom.

Question 12

Which of the following is a property of electrolytes in the human body?

Accepted Answer

They dissociate into ions in water and conduct electricity.

Question 13

Which of the following elements is NOT a major element found in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Argon

Question 14

A patient receives Iodine-131 for treatment of thyroid disorders. What property of Iodine-131 makes it suitable for this purpose?

Accepted Answer

It is a radioisotope that emits radiation, damaging overactive thyroid cells.

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why noble gases like argon do not readily form chemical bonds?

Accepted Answer

Their valence shells are completely filled, making them chemically inert.

Question 16

Which type of chemical bond is the strongest in biological molecules?

Accepted Answer

Non-polar covalent bond

Question 17

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the concept of a suspension?

Accepted Answer

Sand mixed in water that settles to the bottom after standing.

Question 18

If an atom has 11 protons, 12 neutrons, and 11 electrons, what is its atomic number and mass number?

Accepted Answer

Atomic number: $$11$$, Mass number: $$23$$

Question 19

Which of the following best describes van der Waals forces?

Accepted Answer

Weak temporary attractions between nonpolar molecules due to electron cloud disturbances.

Question 20

A molecule of oxygen gas (O$$_2) is $$held together by which type of bond?

Accepted Answer

Non-polar covalent bond

Matter, Energy & Bonds: Foundations for Anatomy & Physiology

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