$$M = \frac{\text{moles of solute}}{\text{liters of solution}}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between potential energy and kinetic energy in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Potential energy is stored in chemical bonds, while kinetic energy is the energy of movement, such as muscle contraction.

Question 2

A patient is given a solution containing 0.9% NaCl. What type of mixture is this, and why?

Accepted Answer

It is a solution because the NaCl particles are evenly distributed throughout the solvent.

Question 3

Which of the following elements makes up the largest percentage of the human body by mass?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen

Question 4

A molecule of water ($$H_2O) is $$formed by which type of chemical bond?

Accepted Answer

Polar covalent bond

Question 5

Which statement about isotopes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Isotopes have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Question 6

A radioactive isotope is used to locate a tumor in a patient. What property of radioisotopes makes this possible?

Accepted Answer

They emit subatomic particles that can be detected with scanners.

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why sodium ($$Na) $$and chlorine ($$Cl) $$form an ionic bond?

Accepted Answer

Sodium transfers a valence electron to chlorine, resulting in oppositely charged ions that attract each other.

Question 8

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating molarity ($$M) in a $$solution?

Accepted Answer

$$M = \frac{	ext{moles of solute}}{	ext{liters of solution}}$$

Question 9

Which of the following best describes a colloid?

Accepted Answer

A heterogeneous mixture with particles that do not settle out and scatter light.

Question 10

If a solution contains 100 mg of glucose in 1 dL of water, what is the concentration in mg/dL?

Accepted Answer

100 mg/dL

Question 11

Which of the following is true regarding the octet rule in chemical bonding?

Accepted Answer

Atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons to achieve 8 electrons in their valence shell.

Question 12

Which of the following is a synthesis reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$A + B \rightarrow AB$$

Question 13

A patient’s blood sample shows a mixture of plasma, red blood cells, and white blood cells. What type of mixture is this?

Accepted Answer

Suspension

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a property of a compound?

Accepted Answer

Can be separated by physical means such as filtering.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes a hydrogen bond?

Accepted Answer

An attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen atom and a slightly negative atom in another molecule.

Question 16

Which of the following is the correct definition of atomic number?

Accepted Answer

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.

Question 17

Which of the following is true about energy conversions in the body?

Accepted Answer

Some energy is always lost as heat during conversions.

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why water is considered the body's chief solvent?

Accepted Answer

Water dissolves more substances than any other liquid, allowing for transport and chemical reactions.

Question 19

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating the mass number of an atom?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Mass number} = 	ext{number of protons} + 	ext{number of neutrons}$$

Question 20

A chemical reaction in the body releases energy stored in ATP. What type of energy transformation is this?

Accepted Answer

Potential energy is transformed into kinetic energy.

Matter, Energy, Atoms, and Chemical Bonds: Foundations for Anatomy & Physiology

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