Q: Which equation correctly describes osmolarity ($$Osm) of a $$solution?

$$Osm = \dfrac{\text{moles of solute particles}}{\text{liters of solution}}$$

Q: Which of the following best explains why Na\textsuperscript{+}/K\textsuperscript{+} ATPase is essential for maintaining the resting membrane potential?

It actively transports Na\textsuperscript{+} out of the cell and K\textsuperscript{+} into the cell, maintaining their gradients.

Q: A cell has a resting membrane potential of $$-70\ \text{mV}. $$Which change would cause depolarization?

Increase in Na\textsuperscript{+} permeability

Question 1

Which of the following molecules is MOST likely to diffuse directly through the phospholipid bilayer of a cell membrane without the aid of a transport protein?

Accepted Answer

O	extsubscript{2}

Question 2

A red blood cell is placed in a solution and swells until it bursts. Which term best describes the tonicity of the solution relative to the cell?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic

Question 3

Which of the following statements about facilitated diffusion is CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

It uses carrier or channel proteins to move molecules down their concentration gradient.

Question 4

A patient receives an intravenous solution containing only nonpenetrating solutes. What effect will this have on the patient's red blood cells if the solution is hypertonic?

Accepted Answer

Cells will shrink.

Question 5

Which equation correctly describes osmolarity ($$Osm) of a $$solution?

Accepted Answer

$$Osm = \dfrac{	ext{moles of solute particles}}{	ext{liters of solution}}$$

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why Na	extsuperscript{+}/K	extsuperscript{+} ATPase is essential for maintaining the resting membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

It actively transports Na	extsuperscript{+} out of the cell and K	extsuperscript{+} into the cell, maintaining their gradients.

Question 7

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the difference between osmolarity and tonicity?

Accepted Answer

Tonicity depends on the concentration of nonpenetrating solutes, while osmolarity considers all solute particles.

Question 8

A cell is placed in a solution containing both penetrating and nonpenetrating solutes. Which factor will determine the cell's volume change?

Accepted Answer

Concentration of nonpenetrating solutes

Question 9

Which type of membrane transport is illustrated by the movement of glucose into a cell via a carrier protein, without energy expenditure?

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion

Question 10

Which of the following factors will INCREASE the rate of diffusion of a solute across a cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Increasing the surface area of the membrane

Question 11

A cell is placed in a solution with a higher concentration of nonpenetrating solutes than inside the cell. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will shrink.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a property of carrier-mediated transport?

Accepted Answer

Unlimited transport rate regardless of substrate concentration

Question 13

Which of the following best describes secondary active transport?

Accepted Answer

It relies on the energy stored in the concentration gradient of another molecule.

Question 14

Which of the following is TRUE about channel proteins in the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

They allow rapid movement of ions and water across the membrane.

Question 15

A cell has a resting membrane potential of $$-70\ 	ext{mV}. $$Which change would cause depolarization?

Accepted Answer

Increase in Na	extsuperscript{+} permeability

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct statement about the movement of water during osmosis?

Accepted Answer

Water moves from a hypotonic solution to a hypertonic solution.

Question 17

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the permeability of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Small nonpolar molecules are highly permeable.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of antiport carrier proteins?

Accepted Answer

They transport two different molecules in opposite directions.

Question 19

A solution contains 0.1 mol/L NaCl and 0.1 mol/L glucose. What is the total osmolarity of the solution? (Assume NaCl dissociates completely.)

Accepted Answer

$$0.3\ 	ext{OsM}$$

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT true about simple diffusion?

Accepted Answer

It can move large polar molecules across the membrane.

Membrane Dynamics: Permeability, Transport, and Osmosis

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