Q: What is the primary function of the sodium-potassium pump in maintaining the resting membrane potential?

It pumps 3 Na\textsuperscript{+} out of the cell and 2 K\textsuperscript{+} into the cell per ATP hydrolyzed.

Q: Which type of ion channel is responsible for the rapid depolarization phase of the action potential?

Voltage-gated Na\textsuperscript{+} channels

Q: During the repolarization phase of an action potential, which event occurs?

Voltage-gated K\textsuperscript{+} channels open, allowing K\textsuperscript{+} to exit the cell.

Q: Which of the following best explains why the neuronal membrane is more permeable to K\textsuperscript{+} than Na\textsuperscript{+} at rest?

There are more K\textsuperscript{+} leak channels than Na\textsuperscript{+} leak channels.

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the resting membrane potential of a typical neuron?

Accepted Answer

The inside of the cell is negative relative to the outside, typically -70 mV.

Question 2

What is the primary function of the sodium-potassium pump in maintaining the resting membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

It pumps 3 Na	extsuperscript{+} out of the cell and 2 K	extsuperscript{+} into the cell per ATP hydrolyzed.

Question 3

Which type of ion channel is responsible for the rapid depolarization phase of the action potential?

Accepted Answer

Voltage-gated Na	extsuperscript{+} channels

Question 4

During the repolarization phase of an action potential, which event occurs?

Accepted Answer

Voltage-gated K	extsuperscript{+} channels open, allowing K	extsuperscript{+} to exit the cell.

Question 5

Which equation best represents Ohm’s Law as applied to neurons?

Accepted Answer

$$V = I 	imes R$$

Question 6

A neuron receives multiple excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) in rapid succession at the same synapse. What is this process called?

Accepted Answer

Temporal summation

Question 7

Which of the following statements about the absolute refractory period is correct?

Accepted Answer

No action potential can be generated, regardless of stimulus strength.

Question 8

If a neuron’s membrane potential changes from -70 mV to -55 mV, what process is occurring?

Accepted Answer

Depolarization

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why the neuronal membrane is more permeable to K	extsuperscript{+} than Na	extsuperscript{+} at rest?

Accepted Answer

There are more K	extsuperscript{+} leak channels than Na	extsuperscript{+} leak channels.

Question 10

Which neurotransmitter is most commonly associated with inhibitory synapses in the brain and is known to reduce anxiety?

Accepted Answer

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)

Question 11

A patient is experiencing muscle rigidity and tremors due to decreased dopamine levels in the brain. Which disease is most likely present?

Accepted Answer

Parkinson’s disease

Question 12

Which of the following mechanisms is NOT a way to terminate synaptic transmission?

Accepted Answer

Continuous release of neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft

Question 13

Which type of synapse allows for nearly instantaneous, bidirectional transmission of information between neurons?

Accepted Answer

Electrical synapse

Question 14

What is the effect of neuromodulator facilitation at a synapse?

Accepted Answer

Increased neurotransmitter release and increased receptor number

Question 15

Which of the following best describes saltatory conduction in myelinated axons?

Accepted Answer

The action potential jumps from one node of Ranvier to the next, increasing conduction speed.

Question 16

A neuron receives both EPSPs and IPSPs at the same time. What determines whether an action potential will be generated?

Accepted Answer

The sum of all local potentials at the initial segment reaching threshold

Question 17

Which class of neurotransmitter is released at cholinergic synapses and can be either excitatory or inhibitory depending on the target tissue?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine (ACh)

Question 18

Which of the following is true regarding ligand-gated ion channels?

Accepted Answer

They open when a specific chemical (ligand) binds to the channel.

Question 19

If the extracellular concentration of K	extsuperscript{+} increases significantly, what effect would this have on the resting membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

The resting membrane potential would become less negative (closer to zero).

Question 20

Which of the following best explains the 'all-or-none' principle of action potentials?

Accepted Answer

Once threshold is reached, an action potential is always generated with the same amplitude.

Membrane Potentials and Electrophysiology of Neurons

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