Q: Which equation correctly represents the process of aerobic cellular respiration of glucose?

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\mathrm{O_2$} \rightarrow 6\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} + \text{ATP}$$

Q: Which equation correctly represents the energy yield per gram for carbohydrates, fats, and proteins?

$$\text{Carbohydrates: 4 kcal/g}$$, $$\text{Fats: 9 kcal/g}$$, $$\text{Proteins: 4 kcal/g}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes an essential nutrient?

Accepted Answer

A nutrient that must be obtained from the diet because the body cannot synthesize it in sufficient quantities.

Question 2

A patient is experiencing muscle weakness and irregular heart rhythms. Blood tests reveal low potassium levels. Which physiological process is most directly affected by this deficiency?

Accepted Answer

Nerve impulse transmission and muscle contraction.

Question 3

Which equation correctly represents the process of aerobic cellular respiration of glucose?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\mathrm{O_2$} ightarrow 6\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} + 	ext{ATP}$$

Question 4

During prolonged fasting, which metabolic pathway is primarily responsible for maintaining blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Gluconeogenesis

Question 5

Which hormone increases the rate of lipolysis and gluconeogenesis during the post-absorptive (fasted) state?

Accepted Answer

Glucagon

Question 6

A person consumes a meal high in carbohydrates. Which metabolic process is most likely to be activated shortly after eating?

Accepted Answer

Glycogenesis

Question 7

Which of the following statements about vitamins is correct?

Accepted Answer

Fat-soluble vitamins are stored in the body and can accumulate to toxic levels.

Question 8

Which process involves the removal of an amino group from an amino acid, producing ammonia and a keto acid?

Accepted Answer

Deamination

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of NAD in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Acts as a coenzyme that accepts electrons during oxidation reactions.

Question 10

Which equation correctly represents the energy yield per gram for carbohydrates, fats, and proteins?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Carbohydrates: 4 kcal/g}$$, $$	ext{Fats: 9 kcal/g}$$, $$	ext{Proteins: 4 kcal/g}$$

Question 11

A patient with liver disease is unable to efficiently convert ammonia to urea. Which metabolic process is most directly impaired?

Accepted Answer

Deamination

Question 12

Which of the following is a trace element essential for the synthesis of thyroid hormones?

Accepted Answer

Iodine

Question 13

Which metabolic process is most likely to be increased in adipose tissue during the fed (absorptive) state?

Accepted Answer

Lipogenesis

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of coenzyme A in metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Transfers acetyl groups during the citric acid cycle.

Question 15

A person with a deficiency in vitamin C is likely to experience impaired collagen synthesis. Which type of vitamin is vitamin C?

Accepted Answer

Water-soluble

Question 16

Which of the following best defines basal metabolic rate (BMR)?

Accepted Answer

The rate of energy expenditure under resting, fasting, and thermoneutral conditions.

Question 17

Which process is responsible for the conversion of glucose to glycogen in the liver?

Accepted Answer

Glycogenesis

Question 18

Which hormone is most likely to promote anabolic processes such as protein synthesis and glycogenesis?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Question 19

A person exposed to cold temperatures begins to shiver. Which organ system is primarily responsible for this thermoregulatory response?

Accepted Answer

Skeletal muscle system

Question 20

Which of the following scenarios would most likely result in a negative nitrogen balance?

Accepted Answer

A person with inadequate protein intake and muscle wasting.

Metabolism & Nutrition Study Guide – Anatomy & Physiology

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