$$NADH: 1 \times 3 = 3$$ ATP, $$FADH_2$$: 1 \times 2 = 2$$ ATP

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of oxygen in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain, forming water.

Question 2

During glycolysis, what is the net gain of ATP and NADH molecules per molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

2 ATP and 2 NADH

Question 3

Which process is responsible for the conversion of excess glucose into glycogen for storage?

Accepted Answer

Glycogenesis

Question 4

A patient is suffering from cyanide poisoning. Which part of cellular respiration is directly inhibited?

Accepted Answer

Electron transport chain (ETC)

Question 5

Which of the following statements about fatty acid catabolism is correct?

Accepted Answer

Fatty acids are converted to acetyl-CoA by beta-oxidation in the mitochondrial matrix.

Question 6

Which equation correctly represents the law of conservation of energy in metabolic reactions?

Accepted Answer

$$E_{reactants} = E_{products} + E_{liberated}$$

Question 7

Which metabolic state is characterized by the breakdown of stored nutrients and predominance of catabolic processes?

Accepted Answer

Postabsorptive state

Question 8

Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating the satiety center and inhibiting hunger?

Accepted Answer

Leptin

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT an essential amino acid?

Accepted Answer

Tyrosine

Question 10

A person is fasting for 24 hours. Which process is most likely to be active in their liver?

Accepted Answer

Gluconeogenesis

Question 11

Which lipoprotein is considered 'good cholesterol' due to its role in transporting cholesterol from peripheral tissues to the liver?

Accepted Answer

High-density lipoprotein (HDL)

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct summary of ATP yield from complete aerobic oxidation of one glucose molecule?

Accepted Answer

$$38$$ ATP

Question 13

Which process is responsible for the synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources?

Accepted Answer

Gluconeogenesis

Question 14

Which vitamin is fat-soluble and structurally similar to cholesterol?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin D

Question 15

Which of the following is a consequence of excessive ketone body production during starvation?

Accepted Answer

Ketoacidosis

Question 16

Which of the following is true regarding substrate-level phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

It involves the direct transfer of a phosphate group from a substrate to ADP.

Question 17

Which mineral is required in moderate amounts and is important for bone health?

Accepted Answer

Calcium

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why the body cannot convert fatty acids into glucose?

Accepted Answer

Fatty acids lack the necessary carbon skeletons for gluconeogenesis.

Question 19

Which of the following equations represents the ATP yield from NADH and FADH$$_2$$ during oxidative phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

$$NADH: 1 	imes 3 = 3$$ ATP, $$FADH_2$$: 1 	imes 2 = 2$$ ATP

Question 20

A patient with phenylketonuria (PKU) must avoid which of the following substances commonly found in artificial sweeteners?

Accepted Answer

Aspartame

Metabolism and Nutrition: Study Notes for Anatomy & Physiology

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