Question 1

Which of the following best illustrates the relationship between anatomy and physiology?

Accepted Answer

The structure of alveoli in the lungs increases surface area, allowing efficient gas exchange.

Question 2

Which of the following correctly lists the organizational levels of the human body from simplest to most complex?

Accepted Answer

Chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

Question 3

A patient is experiencing a drop in blood glucose levels. The pancreas releases glucagon, which causes the liver to release glucose into the blood, restoring normal levels. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a correct anatomical directional term pairing?

Accepted Answer

Medial: away from the midline; Lateral: toward the midline

Question 5

Which of the following organs is located in the dorsal body cavity?

Accepted Answer

Brain

Question 6

A cation is best defined as:

Accepted Answer

An atom that has lost one or more electrons, resulting in a positive charge

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct statement about isotopes?

Accepted Answer

Isotopes of an element have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes a compound?

Accepted Answer

A substance composed of two or more different elements chemically bonded together

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT one of the four main elements that make up the human body?

Accepted Answer

Calcium

Question 10

A solution has a pH of 3. Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

The solution is acidic and has a high concentration of $$ \mathrm{H^+} $$ ions.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the difference between a molecule and a mixture?

Accepted Answer

A molecule is formed by chemical bonds between atoms, while a mixture is a physical combination of substances.

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of a positive feedback mechanism in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Release of oxytocin during childbirth to intensify uterine contractions

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

Exchange of gases between the body and the environment

Question 14

A patient is given a solution containing 0.9% NaCl. In this solution, NaCl is the:

Accepted Answer

Solute

Question 15

Which of the following chemical bonds involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bond

Question 16

Which of the following best describes a buffer?

Accepted Answer

A substance that minimizes changes in pH by accepting or donating $$ \mathrm{H^+} $$ ions

Question 17

Which of the following macromolecules is primarily responsible for storing genetic information?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acids

Question 18

A protein's tertiary structure is primarily stabilized by which of the following interactions?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, disulfide bridges, and hydrophobic interactions

Question 19

A patient is diagnosed with metabolic acidosis. Which of the following equations best represents the buffer system that helps maintain blood pH?

Accepted Answer

$$ \mathrm{CO_2$ + H_2O \leftrightarrow H_2CO_3 \leftrightarrow H^+ + $$HCO_3$$^-} $$

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the difference between an element and a compound?

Accepted Answer

An element consists of only one type of atom, while a compound consists of two or more different elements chemically bonded.

Module 1 Study Guide: Introduction to Anatomy, Physiology, and Basic Chemistry

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