Question 1

Which enzyme catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group from creatine phosphate to ADP, rapidly generating ATP in muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

Creatine kinase

Question 2

During the breakdown of one molecule of palmitic acid ($$\mathrm{C$$_{16}$$H_{32}O_2$}$$), how many molecules of oxygen are consumed according to the equation $$\mathrm{C$$_{16}$$H_{32}O_2$ + 23\ O_2$ \rightarrow 16\ CO_2$ + 16\ H_2O + Energy}$$?

Accepted Answer

23

Question 3

Which energy system provides the fastest supply of ATP during the initial seconds of high-intensity exercise?

Accepted Answer

Creatine phosphate system

Question 4

What is the respiratory exchange ratio (RER) for the complete oxidation of palmitic acid, given the equation $$\mathrm{C$$_{16}$$H_{32}O_2$ + 23\ O_2$ \rightarrow 16\ CO_2$ + 16\ H_2O + Energy}$$?

Accepted Answer

$$0.7$$

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the process of beta-oxidation in fatty acid metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Removal of 2-carbon units from fatty acids to form acetyl CoA

Question 6

If a muscle cell needs to rapidly increase ATP production during a sprint, which reaction is most likely to be upregulated?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Creatine\ phosphate + ADP \xrightarrow{Creatine\ kinase} Creatine + ATP}$$

Question 7

Which metabolic pathway is responsible for the majority of ATP production during prolonged, low-intensity exercise?

Accepted Answer

Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 8

A patient is unable to efficiently break down triglycerides. Which step in fat metabolism is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Lipolysis by lipases

Question 9

Which of the following is the correct net ATP yield from the complete oxidation of one molecule of palmitic acid ($$\mathrm{C$$_{16}$$H_{32}O_2$}) in $$muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

106 ATP

Question 10

During intense exercise, which energy system is primarily responsible for ATP production after the initial 30 seconds?

Accepted Answer

Glycolytic system (anaerobic glycolysis)

Question 11

Which of the following equations represents the aerobic breakdown of glucose in muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6\ O_2$ \rightarrow 6\ CO_2$ + 6\ H_2O + Energy}$$

Question 12

Which of the following statements about the creatine phosphate system is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

It can rapidly regenerate ATP but only for a short duration.

Question 13

What is the main fate of acetyl CoA produced from beta-oxidation of fatty acids in muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

It enters the Krebs cycle for further oxidation.

Question 14

Which process is responsible for the conversion of glycerol (from triglycerides) into a glycolytic intermediate?

Accepted Answer

Glycerol is converted to dihydroxyacetone phosphate

Question 15

A marathon runner relies primarily on which substrate for ATP production during the last hour of the race?

Accepted Answer

Fatty acids

Question 16

Which of the following is a direct product of the Krebs cycle that contributes to ATP synthesis via the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

NADH

Question 17

If the respiratory exchange ratio (RER) measured in a subject is 0.7, which substrate is predominantly being oxidized for energy?

Accepted Answer

Fat

Question 18

Which of the following statements best explains why the oxidation of fatty acids yields more ATP than glucose?

Accepted Answer

Fatty acids have more carbon atoms and generate more acetyl CoA for the Krebs cycle.

Question 19

During the process of lipolysis, which molecules are released from triglycerides?

Accepted Answer

Glycerol and three fatty acids

Question 20

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the time course of energy system contribution during exercise?

Accepted Answer

Stored ATP and creatine phosphate dominate in the first 30 seconds.

Muscle Cell Metabolism and Energy Systems

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