Q: Which of the following equations correctly represents the net ATP yield from glycolysis of one glucose molecule?

$$2 \text{ ATP} + 2 \text{ pyruvate}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) in skeletal muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

It stores and releases calcium ions, which are essential for initiating muscle contraction.

Question 2

During the sliding filament theory of muscle contraction, which of the following changes occur in the sarcomere?

Accepted Answer

The A band remains constant in width.

Question 3

A patient is experiencing muscle weakness due to a lack of acetylcholine (ACh) release at the neuromuscular junction. Which step in muscle contraction is directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Generation of an action potential in the sarcolemma.

Question 4

Which property of muscle tissue allows it to return to its original length after being stretched?

Accepted Answer

Elasticity

Question 5

A muscle fiber is stimulated at a frequency greater than 50 times per second, and the next stimulus arrives before the previous relaxation phase is complete. What is this phenomenon called?

Accepted Answer

Wave summation

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why rigor mortis occurs after death?

Accepted Answer

ATP is depleted, preventing the detachment of myosin heads from actin.

Question 7

Which connective tissue layer surrounds individual muscle fibers?

Accepted Answer

Endomysium

Question 8

A marathon runner relies primarily on which type of muscle fibers for endurance activities?

Accepted Answer

Slow fibers (Type I)

Question 9

Which of the following equations correctly represents the net ATP yield from glycolysis of one glucose molecule?

Accepted Answer

$$2 	ext{ ATP} + 2 	ext{ pyruvate}$$

Question 10

Which of the following is a function unique to cardiac muscle tissue compared to skeletal muscle tissue?

Accepted Answer

Automaticity due to pacemaker cells

Question 11

A weightlifter is performing a biceps curl. As the muscle shortens while lifting the weight, which type of contraction is occurring?

Accepted Answer

Isotonic concentric contraction

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the length-tension relationship in skeletal muscle fibers?

Accepted Answer

Maximum tension is produced when there is optimal overlap between thick and thin filaments.

Question 13

Which of the following hormones increases the rate of energy consumption in both resting and active muscles?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid hormones

Question 14

Which of the following is a characteristic of smooth muscle tissue but NOT skeletal muscle tissue?

Accepted Answer

Ability to contract over a wide range of lengths (plasticity)

Question 15

A patient with Clostridium tetani infection is experiencing sustained, powerful muscle contractions. What is the physiological explanation for this symptom?

Accepted Answer

The neurotoxin prevents relaxation by blocking inhibitory neurotransmitters, leading to continuous stimulation of muscle fibers.

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why fast fibers fatigue more quickly than slow fibers?

Accepted Answer

Fast fibers have fewer mitochondria and rely more on anaerobic metabolism.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the process of recruitment in muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Increasing the number of active motor units to produce greater tension.

Question 18

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in excitation-contraction coupling?

Accepted Answer

Action potential travels along sarcolemma → T tubules → release of Ca$$^{2+}$$ from SR → Ca$$^{2+}$$ binds to troponin → tropomyosin moves → cross-bridge formation

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why isometric contractions do not result in movement?

Accepted Answer

The muscle develops tension but does not exceed the load, so its length does not change.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of creatine phosphate (CP) in muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

It donates a phosphate group to ADP to rapidly regenerate ATP during the initial seconds of contraction.

Muscle Tissue: Structure, Function, and Physiology

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