$$\mathrm{ATP} \rightarrow \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P_i} + \text{energy}$$

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a primary function provided by muscle tissue?

Accepted Answer

Production of red blood cells

Question 2

Which structural level of muscle organization is correctly ordered from largest to smallest?

Accepted Answer

Muscle fiber $$\rightarrow$$ Myofibril $$\rightarrow$$ Sarcomere $$\rightarrow$$ Myofilament

Question 3

Which band in the sarcomere corresponds to the region containing only thick filaments?

Accepted Answer

H zone

Question 4

During muscle contraction, which event directly causes the sliding of actin filaments relative to myosin filaments?

Accepted Answer

The power stroke of the myosin head after ATP hydrolysis

Question 5

Which process is responsible for the relaxation phase of muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Active transport of calcium ions back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 6

What is the role of ATP in muscle contraction and relaxation?

Accepted Answer

ATP binds to myosin, allowing it to detach from actin and reset for another cycle

Question 7

A motor unit consists of:

Accepted Answer

A single motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the difference between concentric and eccentric contractions?

Accepted Answer

Concentric contractions shorten the muscle, while eccentric contractions lengthen the muscle under tension

Question 9

Which energy system is primarily used during a 100-meter sprint?

Accepted Answer

Creatine phosphate system

Question 10

Which type of muscle fiber is most abundant in postural muscles such as those of the back?

Accepted Answer

Type I (slow oxidative)

Question 11

How does endurance (aerobic) training affect skeletal muscle physiology?

Accepted Answer

It increases mitochondrial density and capillary supply

Question 12

Which anatomical feature distinguishes cardiac muscle cells from skeletal muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

Presence of intercalated discs

Question 13

Which type of cellular respiration do cardiac muscle cells primarily utilize?

Accepted Answer

Aerobic respiration

Question 14

Which of the following is a cause of muscular dystrophy?

Accepted Answer

Genetic mutation affecting dystrophin protein

Question 15

What is the primary origin of calcium ions used during contraction of smooth muscle?

Accepted Answer

Extracellular fluid

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the difference between multiunit and single-unit smooth muscle?

Accepted Answer

Multiunit smooth muscle cells contract independently, while single-unit smooth muscle cells contract as a group

Question 17

Which equation correctly represents the breakdown of ATP during muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{ATP} ightarrow \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P_i} + 	ext{energy}$$

Question 18

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the ability of smooth muscle to contract after being greatly stretched?

Accepted Answer

Smooth muscle can contract efficiently even after being greatly stretched

Question 19

Which of the following is a common cause of myasthenia gravis?

Accepted Answer

Autoimmune destruction of acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction

Question 20

A patient is experiencing muscle fatigue during prolonged exercise. Which metabolic process is most likely contributing to this fatigue?

Accepted Answer

Accumulation of lactic acid from anaerobic glycolysis

Muscle Tissue: Structure, Function, and Physiology (Chapter 9 Study Guide)

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