Q: Which of the following equations best represents the transformation of chemical energy to mechanical energy in muscle contraction?

$$ \text{ATP} \rightarrow \text{ADP} + \text{P}_i + \text{Energy for contraction} $$

Q: Which of the following best describes the role of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) in muscle contraction?

It stores and releases calcium ions ($$ \text{Ca}^{2+} ) to $$regulate contraction.

Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the primary function of muscle tissue in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Muscle tissue transforms chemical energy (ATP) into directed mechanical energy, exerting force.

Question 2

A patient presents with muscle weakness and is found to have a defect in the protein dystrophin. Which of the following best explains the consequence of this defect?

Accepted Answer

Dystrophin defect causes sarcolemma instability, allowing excess calcium entry and muscle fiber damage.

Question 3

Which connective tissue sheath surrounds individual muscle fibers?

Accepted Answer

Endomysium

Question 4

Skeletal muscle fibers are characterized by which of the following features?

Accepted Answer

They are voluntary and striated.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic shared by all muscle tissue types?

Accepted Answer

Secretion of digestive enzymes

Question 6

A muscle attaches to bone at two places. The attachment to the immovable or less movable bone is called:

Accepted Answer

Origin

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the arrangement of myofilaments in a sarcomere?

Accepted Answer

Thin filaments are composed of actin and are anchored to Z discs; thick filaments are composed of myosin and are connected at the M line.

Question 8

During muscle contraction, which protein forms cross bridges by binding to actin?

Accepted Answer

Myosin

Question 9

Which muscle tissue type is found in the walls of hollow organs and is not striated?

Accepted Answer

Smooth muscle

Question 10

A triad in skeletal muscle consists of which structures?

Accepted Answer

One T tubule and two terminal cisterns

Question 11

Which of the following equations best represents the transformation of chemical energy to mechanical energy in muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

$$ 	ext{ATP} ightarrow 	ext{ADP} + 	ext{P}_i + 	ext{Energy for contraction} $$

Question 12

Which protein helps maintain the alignment of sarcomeres and resists excessive stretching in muscle fibers?

Accepted Answer

Titin

Question 13

A patient with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is likely to experience which of the following symptoms first?

Accepted Answer

Clumsiness and frequent falls due to weakness in extremities

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why skeletal muscle fibers require a rich blood supply?

Accepted Answer

To supply oxygen and nutrients and remove waste products during contraction

Question 15

Which of the following is the smallest contractile unit of a muscle fiber?

Accepted Answer

Sarcomere

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) in muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

It stores and releases calcium ions ($$ 	ext{Ca}^{2+} ) to $$regulate contraction.

Question 17

Which of the following is a regulatory protein bound to actin that is involved in muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Troponin

Question 18

If a nerve impulse fails to reach the deep interior of a muscle fiber, which structure is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

T tubule

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the molecular event that triggers the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

Change in shape of T tubule voltage sensors in response to electrical impulse

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct sequence of organizational levels in skeletal muscle from largest to smallest?

Accepted Answer

Muscle → Fascicle → Muscle fiber → Myofibril → Sarcomere

Muscles and Muscle Tissue: Structure, Types, and Function

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