Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of a synergist muscle during a bicep curl exercise?

Accepted Answer

It assists the biceps brachii by adding extra force and stabilizing the movement.

Question 2

A patient is unable to extend their knee after a sports injury. Which muscle group is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Quadriceps femoris

Question 3

Which nerve innervates the anterior compartment muscles of the forearm responsible for flexing the wrist and digits?

Accepted Answer

Median or ulnar nerve

Question 4

During heavy breathing, which muscle is primarily responsible for increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity?

Accepted Answer

Diaphragm

Question 5

A crush injury to the anterior compartment of the forearm is most likely to impair which of the following actions?

Accepted Answer

Flexion of the wrist and fingers

Question 6

Which fascicle arrangement allows for the greatest range of motion but the least power?

Accepted Answer

Parallel

Question 7

If a muscle crosses a joint on the anterior side, what is its most likely action at that joint (assuming the standard anatomical position)?

Accepted Answer

Flexion

Question 8

Which muscle is the prime mover (agonist) for jaw closure during mastication?

Accepted Answer

Masseter

Question 9

A patient presents with difficulty abducting their thigh. Which muscle is most likely weakened?

Accepted Answer

Gluteus medius

Question 10

Which of the following equations best represents the mechanical advantage (MA) of a lever system in the human body?

Accepted Answer

$$MA = \frac{Length_{effort~arm}}{Length_{load~arm}}$$

Question 11

Which compartment of the thigh contains muscles that adduct the thigh and what is their innervation?

Accepted Answer

Medial compartment; obturator nerve

Question 12

A patient is unable to dorsiflex their foot after a leg injury. Which nerve and compartment are most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Deep fibular nerve; anterior compartment

Question 13

Which muscle group is primarily responsible for flexing the hip and extending the knee during walking?

Accepted Answer

Quadriceps femoris

Question 14

Which of the following muscles is NOT part of the quadriceps femoris group?

Accepted Answer

Biceps femoris

Question 15

A patient has facial paralysis affecting their ability to smile and frown. Which cranial nerve is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Cranial nerve VII (facial)

Question 16

Which muscle is primarily responsible for lateral flexion and rotation of the head?

Accepted Answer

Sternocleidomastoid

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why muscles with a multipennate fascicle arrangement, such as the deltoid, are powerful?

Accepted Answer

They have many fibers packed into a small space, increasing cross-sectional area.

Question 18

A patient is unable to extend their forearm at the elbow. Which muscle is most likely paralyzed?

Accepted Answer

Triceps brachii

Question 19

Which muscle is the main abductor of the arm at the shoulder joint?

Accepted Answer

Deltoid

Question 20

Which of the following muscles is responsible for plantar flexion at the ankle joint?

Accepted Answer

Gastrocnemius

Question 21

A patient presents with numbness and severe pain in the fingers after a crush injury to the forearm, but no bone fracture is seen on X-ray. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Compartment syndrome of the flexor compartment

Muscles of the Body: Structure, Function, and Organization - Chapter 11

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