Question 1

A patient is unable to smile on one side of their face after a minor stroke. Which muscle is most likely affected, and what is its primary action?

Accepted Answer

Zygomaticus major; raises lateral corner of mouth for smiling

Question 2

During a routine checkup, a doctor asks a patient to clench their jaw. Which muscle is primarily responsible for elevating the mandible to close the jaw?

Accepted Answer

Masseter

Question 3

Which muscle is primarily responsible for increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity during inspiration, and what is the physiological result of this action?

Accepted Answer

Diaphragm; decreases intrathoracic pressure to draw air into the lungs

Question 4

A singer is preparing to hit a high note and needs to elevate her larynx. Which muscle group is primarily responsible for this action?

Accepted Answer

Infrahyoid muscles

Question 5

Which muscle is most active during forced expiration, such as blowing out candles, and what is its main action?

Accepted Answer

Internal intercostals; depresses the ribs

Question 6

A patient presents with difficulty flexing and rotating their neck to the opposite side. Which muscle is likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Sternocleidomastoid

Question 7

Which muscle is responsible for compressing the cheek during activities such as whistling or blowing?

Accepted Answer

Buccinator

Question 8

If a person is unable to retract their mandible, which muscle is most likely not functioning properly?

Accepted Answer

Temporalis

Question 9

Which muscle group is primarily responsible for lateral flexion of the neck and elevation of the first two ribs during deep inhalation?

Accepted Answer

Scalenes

Question 10

A person is performing a sit-up, flexing their vertebral column and stabilizing their pelvis. Which muscle is primarily responsible for this action?

Accepted Answer

Rectus abdominis

Question 11

Which muscle is responsible for raising the upper lip, as in showing the upper teeth?

Accepted Answer

Zygomaticus minor

Question 12

Which muscle group is most involved in maintaining the normal curvature of the vertebral column during standing?

Accepted Answer

Erector spinae

Question 13

During swallowing, which muscle group elevates the hyoid bone?

Accepted Answer

Suprahyoid muscles

Question 14

Which muscle is primarily responsible for closing the eyelid during squinting and blinking?

Accepted Answer

Orbicularis oculi

Question 15

A person is asked to rotate their trunk to the left. Which muscle is most involved in this action?

Accepted Answer

External oblique

Question 16

Which muscle increases intraabdominal pressure during forced expiration but does NOT contribute to trunk rotation?

Accepted Answer

Transversus abdominus

Question 17

A patient with a spinal injury cannot extend their vertebral column. Which muscle group is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Erector spinae

Question 18

Which muscle group is responsible for both extension and rotation of the vertebral column, as well as stabilization?

Accepted Answer

Transversospinalis

Question 19

Which muscle tenses the skin of the neck, and what is a common real-life scenario where this action is visible?

Accepted Answer

Platysma; when expressing fear or grimacing

Question 20

A person is unable to close their lips tightly, making it difficult to whistle or speak clearly. Which muscle is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Orbicularis oris

Muscles of the Head, Neck, Thorax, Abdomen, and Back: Structure, Function, and Actions

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