Question 1

Which muscle is the principal muscle of inspiration, and what is its primary action during inhalation?

Accepted Answer

The diaphragm; it contracts and its domes descend, increasing thoracic cavity volume.

Question 2

During forced expiration, which group of muscles is primarily responsible for decreasing the size of the thoracic cavity?

Accepted Answer

Internal intercostals and abdominal muscles

Question 3

Which muscle group is responsible for extending the leg at the knee joint?

Accepted Answer

Quadriceps femoris

Question 4

A patient presents with difficulty in dorsiflexing the foot. Which muscle is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Tibialis anterior

Question 5

Which muscle is a powerful extensor of the thigh at the hip and also acts as a lateral rotator?

Accepted Answer

Gluteus maximus

Question 6

The rectus abdominis muscle is characterized by which anatomical feature that gives the appearance of a 'six-pack'?

Accepted Answer

Tendinous intersections

Question 7

Which muscle group is responsible for medially rotating the leg when the knee is flexed?

Accepted Answer

Hamstring muscles: semimembranosus and semitendinosus

Question 8

A soccer player suffers an injury to the lateral compartment of the leg. Which movement would most likely be affected?

Accepted Answer

Eversion of the foot

Question 9

Which muscle inserts into the calcaneus via the Achilles tendon and is involved in plantar flexion of the foot?

Accepted Answer

Gastrocnemius

Question 10

If the iliopsoas muscle is paralyzed, which movement at the hip joint would be most affected?

Accepted Answer

Flexion of the thigh

Question 11

Which muscle is located in the medial compartment of the thigh and is primarily responsible for adducting the thigh?

Accepted Answer

Adductor longus

Question 12

During childbirth, which group of muscles increases intra-abdominal pressure to assist in the process?

Accepted Answer

Muscles of the abdominal wall

Question 13

Which muscle is responsible for both flexion at the knee and extension at the hip joint?

Accepted Answer

Biceps femoris (long head)

Question 14

A patient is unable to laterally rotate their leg when the knee is flexed. Which muscle is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Biceps femoris

Question 15

Which muscle originates from both the tibia and fibula and inserts into the calcaneus, contributing to plantar flexion?

Accepted Answer

Soleus

Question 16

Which muscle is most superficial among the gluteal muscles and is important for the stability of the knee joint?

Accepted Answer

Gluteus maximus

Question 17

Which muscle group is arranged from superficial to deep as external oblique, internal oblique, and transversus abdominis?

Accepted Answer

Muscles of the abdominal wall

Question 18

A runner complains of pain in the anterior compartment of the leg. Which movement is most likely to be affected?

Accepted Answer

Dorsiflexion of the foot

Question 19

Which muscle is the only head of the quadriceps femoris that arises from the ilium and can flex the thigh at the hip joint?

Accepted Answer

Rectus femoris

Question 20

Which equation best represents the relationship between muscle force ($$F$$), cross-sectional area ($$A$$), and muscle stress ($$\sigma$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$\sigma = F / A$$

Muscular System: Anatomy and Function of Major Muscle Groups

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