Question 1

Which property of muscle tissue allows it to respond to a stimulus and generate an action potential?

Accepted Answer

Excitability

Question 2

A patient is unable to voluntarily control the contraction of their heart muscle. Which type of muscle tissue is responsible for this function?

Accepted Answer

Cardiac muscle

Question 3

You are examining a tissue sample under a microscope and observe that it lacks striations and has a single nucleus per cell. Which type of muscle tissue are you most likely observing?

Accepted Answer

Smooth muscle

Question 4

Which connective tissue layer directly surrounds individual muscle fibers?

Accepted Answer

Endomysium

Question 5

In the organization of skeletal muscle, which of the following correctly lists the structures from superficial to deep?

Accepted Answer

$$b)\ Epimysium \rightarrow c)\ Perimysium \rightarrow Fascicle \rightarrow d)\ Endomysium \rightarrow e)\ Sarcolemma \rightarrow Myofibrils \rightarrow a)\ Myofilaments$$

Question 6

During muscle contraction, which structure shortens?

Accepted Answer

Sarcomere

Question 7

Which protein is responsible for blocking the myosin binding sites on actin in a relaxed muscle?

Accepted Answer

Tropomyosin

Question 8

A rare congenital condition causes myosin to fold incorrectly and form clumps in skeletal muscle. What would you expect to see in the sarcomere of an affected individual?

Accepted Answer

The thick filament would form protein clumps.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT found in the A band of a sarcomere?

Accepted Answer

Z Disc

Question 10

What is the role of calcium ions ($$\mathrm{Ca$$^{2+}$$}) at $$the neuromuscular junction?

Accepted Answer

Calcium entering the axon terminal triggers the release of Acetylcholine into the synaptic cleft.

Question 11

During an action potential in a muscle fiber, which ion moves into the cell to cause depolarization, and which ion moves out to cause repolarization?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Na^+} in$$, $$\mathrm{K^+}$$ out

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the sequence of events in excitation-contraction coupling?

Accepted Answer

Action potential travels down the sarcolemma and T tubules, voltage-gated channels open releasing $$\mathrm{Ca$$^{2+}$$}$$, calcium binds to troponin, troponin changes conformation moving tropomyosin, myosin binding sites on actin are exposed.

Question 13

What would happen if a muscle completely ran out of ATP during a muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

After the power stroke, the myosin would remain bound to the actin.

Question 14

Which part of the cross-bridge cycle is called the power stroke?

Accepted Answer

Myosin pulling the actin

Question 15

Which protein is responsible for the elasticity and structural integrity of the sarcomere?

Accepted Answer

Titin

Question 16

A patient is exposed to a toxin that blocks acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction. What is the most likely effect on muscle function?

Accepted Answer

Muscle contraction will be prevented because the signal cannot be transmitted.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in skeletal muscle fibers?

Accepted Answer

It stores and releases $$\mathrm{Ca$$^{2+}$$}$$ ions to regulate contraction.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct match between muscle type and its characteristic?

Accepted Answer

Smooth muscle: involuntary, non-striated, one nucleus

Muscular Tissue: Structure, Function, and Contraction

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