Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between the central and peripheral nervous systems?

Accepted Answer

The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord, while the peripheral nervous system includes all nerves outside the brain and spinal cord.

Question 2

Which neuroglial cell is responsible for forming the blood-brain barrier and regulating neurotransmitter levels in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Astrocytes

Question 3

A patient presents with demyelination in the peripheral nervous system. Which cell type is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Schwann cells

Question 4

Which structure on a neuron is responsible for initiating the action potential?

Accepted Answer

Axon hillock

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the function of satellite cells in the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

They help cell bodies in ganglia by providing support and regulating the environment.

Question 6

Which of the following is a correct structural classification for a typical sensory neuron?

Accepted Answer

Unipolar neuron

Question 7

Afferent neurons are responsible for which function?

Accepted Answer

Transmitting sensory information toward the CNS

Question 8

Which connective tissue layer surrounds an entire nerve?

Accepted Answer

Epineurium

Question 9

Which of the following structures is associated with the synaptic terminal on the synapse model?

Accepted Answer

Synaptic vesicles

Question 10

Which equation best represents the calculation of conduction velocity ($$v) in a $$myelinated axon, given the length ($$L) $$and time ($$t) $$for an action potential to travel?

Accepted Answer

$$v = \frac{L}{t}$$

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the function of oligodendrocytes?

Accepted Answer

They provide myelination around axons in the CNS.

Question 12

A patient has damage to the ependymal cells lining the ventricles. Which of the following symptoms would most likely result?

Accepted Answer

Impaired circulation of cerebrospinal fluid

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a function of microglial cells?

Accepted Answer

Forming myelin sheaths around axons

Question 14

Which structure is responsible for saltatory conduction in myelinated axons?

Accepted Answer

Nodes of Ranvier

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the difference between gray matter and white matter in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

White matter contains myelinated axons, while gray matter contains neuron cell bodies and unmyelinated axons.

Question 16

Which of the following is the correct order of structures in a typical spinal cord reflex arc?

Accepted Answer

Receptor → Sensory neuron → Interneuron → Motor neuron → Effector

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the location and function of bipolar neurons?

Accepted Answer

They are found in special sensory organs and connect sensory neurons.

Question 18

Which connective tissue layer surrounds each individual axon within a nerve?

Accepted Answer

Endoneurium

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct functional classification for a neuron that carries motor information away from the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Efferent neuron

Question 20

A nerve is defined as:

Accepted Answer

A collection of axons within the peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Nervous System: Organization, Cells, and Structure (Lab Exercise 15 Study Guide)

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