Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of the blood-brain barrier?

Accepted Answer

To protect the brain by restricting passage of certain molecules, such as large proteins and toxins, while allowing gases like $$O_2$$ and $$CO_2 to $$pass

Question 2

A patient suffers a spinal cord injury that damages oligodendrocytes. Which of the following is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Decreased ability to regenerate damaged axons in the central nervous system

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the difference between rods and cones in the retina?

Accepted Answer

Rods are responsible for vision in dim light and are most numerous in the periphery, while cones are responsible for color vision and are concentrated in the fovea centralis

Question 4

A person with myopia (nearsightedness) has difficulty seeing distant objects clearly. Which of the following best explains the underlying anatomical issue?

Accepted Answer

The eyeball is too long, causing light to focus in front of the retina

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the pathway of a sensory signal from the retina to the brain?

Accepted Answer

Photoreceptors → bipolar cells → ganglion cells → optic nerve

Question 6

Which of the following statements about the autonomic nervous system is correct?

Accepted Answer

The sympathetic division increases heart rate and prepares the body for 'fight or flight'

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why capillaries are well-suited for molecular exchange?

Accepted Answer

They have a single layer of endothelial cells, allowing for efficient diffusion of gases and nutrients

Question 8

During the cardiac cycle, which event is responsible for the first heart sound ("lub")?

Accepted Answer

Closure of the atrioventricular (AV) valves at the beginning of ventricular systole

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of intercalated discs in cardiac muscle tissue?

Accepted Answer

They provide electrical and mechanical connections between cardiac muscle cells, allowing coordinated contraction

Question 10

A patient is diagnosed with hyperopia (farsightedness). Which corrective lens should be prescribed and why?

Accepted Answer

A convex lens, because it converges light rays to focus them on the retina

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the function of the ciliary muscles during accommodation for near vision?

Accepted Answer

They contract, reducing tension on the suspensory ligaments and allowing the lens to become more rounded

Question 12

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the regeneration of nerve fibers?

Accepted Answer

Nerve fibers in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) can regenerate if the cell body is intact and Schwann cells are present

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the path of sound through the auditory system?

Accepted Answer

Tympanic membrane → ossicles → cochlea → auditory nerve

Question 14

Which of the following statements about the anatomy of arteries and veins is correct?

Accepted Answer

Arteries have thicker walls and more elastic tissue to withstand higher pressure

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of the vestibule in the inner ear?

Accepted Answer

It detects linear acceleration and the position of the head in space

Question 16

Which of the following is the correct sequence of blood flow through the heart and lungs in the pulmonary circuit?

Accepted Answer

Right atrium → right ventricle → pulmonary artery → lungs → pulmonary vein → left atrium

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of pacemaker cells in the heart?

Accepted Answer

They generate spontaneous action potentials to initiate the heartbeat

Question 18

Which of the following molecules can easily cross the blood-brain barrier?

Accepted Answer

Glucose via specific transporters

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the effect of sympathetic stimulation on the SA node?

Accepted Answer

It increases the rate of pacemaker potentials, increasing heart rate

Question 20

Which of the following is a function of astrocytes in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Providing structural support and regulating the extracellular environment

Nervous System, Special Senses, Heart, and Blood Vessels: Study Guide

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제

학습 가이드 - 플래시카드