Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of the Central Nervous System (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

It acts as the integrative and control center, processing sensory input and dictating motor output.

Question 2

A patient presents with loss of muscle control and vision difficulties. MRI reveals hardened myelin sheaths in the CNS. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Multiple Sclerosis

Question 3

Which neuroglial cell is primarily responsible for forming the myelin sheath in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocyte

Question 4

Which division of the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) is responsible for mobilizing body systems during activity?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic division

Question 5

A neuron receives a signal at its dendrites and transmits it toward the cell body. What type of neuron is most likely involved if it has one axon and multiple dendrites?

Accepted Answer

Multipolar neuron

Question 6

Which of the following equations correctly represents the Nernst equation for calculating the equilibrium potential of potassium ions ($$K^+) $$across a neuronal membrane?

Accepted Answer

$$E_K = \frac{RT}{zF} \ln \left( \frac{[K^+]_{out}}{[K^+]_{in}} \right)$$

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why myelinated axons conduct impulses faster than unmyelinated axons?

Accepted Answer

Myelin allows for saltatory conduction, where action potentials jump between nodes of Ranvier.

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of astrocytes in nervous tissue?

Accepted Answer

Anchoring neurons to capillaries and regulating capillary permeability

Question 9

A reflex arc typically involves which sequence of components?

Accepted Answer

Sensory receptor → Sensory neuron → Integration center → Motor neuron → Effector

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of microglial cells in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

They act as phagocytes, removing debris and defending CNS cells.

Question 11

A patient is unable to voluntarily move their skeletal muscles but retains involuntary muscle function. Which division of the nervous system is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Somatic nervous system

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the difference between the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic division mobilizes body systems during activity, while parasympathetic conserves energy and promotes housekeeping functions.

Question 13

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the transmission of nerve impulses in unmyelinated fibers?

Accepted Answer

Impulses are transmitted more slowly compared to myelinated fibers.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of ependymal cells?

Accepted Answer

They line fluid-filled cavities in the brain and spinal cord and help circulate cerebrospinal fluid.

Question 15

Which equation best represents Ohm's Law as applied to the movement of ions across a neuronal membrane?

Accepted Answer

$$V = I 	imes R$$

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a function of the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)?

Accepted Answer

Processing and integrating sensory input

Question 17

A patient receives interferon injections to control symptoms of an autoimmune disease affecting the nervous system. Which structure is most likely being targeted by the treatment?

Accepted Answer

Myelin sheaths in the CNS

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of Schwann cells?

Accepted Answer

They form myelin sheaths around nerve fibers in the PNS.

Question 19

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the function of the sensory (afferent) division of the PNS?

Accepted Answer

A person feels the temperature of a glass through their skin.

Question 20

Which of the following is the correct sequence for the flow of information in the nervous system when a person sees a glass of water and decides to pick it up?

Accepted Answer

Sensory input → Integration → Motor output

Nervous System: Structure, Function, and Tissue Types

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