Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

To integrate, process, and coordinate sensory data and motor commands.

Question 2

A patient presents with numbness and paralysis after exposure to mercury. Which process is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Demyelination of axons

Question 3

Which type of neuron is most commonly found in the peripheral sensory ganglia and is responsible for transmitting sensory information from the tips of the toes to the spinal cord?

Accepted Answer

Unipolar (pseudounipolar) neuron

Question 4

Which neuroglia is primarily responsible for maintaining the blood-brain barrier in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Astrocytes

Question 5

A viral infection such as rabies travels from the site of a bite toward the neuron's cell body. Which type of axoplasmic transport is responsible for this movement?

Accepted Answer

Retrograde flow

Question 6

Which equation best represents the relationship between the number of Schwann cells ($$N_{Schwann}) $$required to myelinate an axon of length $$L$$ with internode length $$l_{node} in $$the PNS?

Accepted Answer

$$N_{Schwann} = \frac{L}{l_{node}}$$

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct comparison between oligodendrocytes in the CNS and Schwann cells in the PNS?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocytes can myelinate multiple segments of different axons, while Schwann cells myelinate only one segment of one axon.

Question 8

Which type of neuroglia acts as the 'janitors and police force' of the CNS, engulfing cellular debris and pathogens?

Accepted Answer

Microglia

Question 9

A patient with multiple sclerosis (MS) is experiencing loss of motor control. What is the primary target of the autoimmune reaction in MS?

Accepted Answer

Myelin sheaths in the CNS

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the difference between white matter and gray matter in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

White matter contains myelinated axons, while gray matter contains neuron cell bodies, dendrites, and unmyelinated axons.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a function of astrocytes?

Accepted Answer

Forming myelin sheaths around axons

Question 12

Which neuron type is most likely to be found in the retina and is responsible for relaying information about sight?

Accepted Answer

Bipolar neuron

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of ependymal cells in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

They line the ventricles and central canal, producing and circulating cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

Question 14

Which of the following equations correctly represents the total number of sensory neurons ($$N_{sensory}) in a $$ganglion if each neuron receives input from $$n_{receptors}$$ receptors and there are $$R$$ total receptors?

Accepted Answer

$$N_{sensory} = \frac{R}{n_{receptors}}$$

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct statement about the functional divisions of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

Accepted Answer

The afferent division brings sensory information to the CNS, while the efferent division carries commands from the CNS to peripheral tissues.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of satellite cells in the PNS?

Accepted Answer

They regulate the interstitial fluid around neuron cell bodies in ganglia.

Question 17

Which of the following is true regarding the structure of a typical multipolar neuron?

Accepted Answer

It has several dendrites and a single axon.

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why demyelination leads to loss of sensation and motor control?

Accepted Answer

Demyelination disrupts the electrical insulation of axons, impairing action potential conduction.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about interneurons?

Accepted Answer

They distribute sensory information and coordinate motor activity within the CNS.

Nervous Tissue: Structure, Function, and Classification (Anatomy & Physiology Study Notes)

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