Q: Resting membrane potential is primarily maintained by which of the following mechanisms?

Active transport of sodium and potassium ions via the Na\textsuperscript{+}/K\textsuperscript{+} ATPase pump

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of neuroglia in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

They provide structural support, insulation, and metabolic assistance to neurons.

Question 2

A neuron is classified as multipolar if it has:

Accepted Answer

One axon and multiple dendrites.

Question 3

Which equation correctly represents Ohm's Law as it applies to the movement of ions across a neuronal membrane?

Accepted Answer

$$V = I 	imes R$$

Question 4

Which type of ion channel opens in response to a change in membrane potential and is crucial for the generation of action potentials?

Accepted Answer

Voltage-gated channel

Question 5

Resting membrane potential is primarily maintained by which of the following mechanisms?

Accepted Answer

Active transport of sodium and potassium ions via the Na	extsuperscript{+}/K	extsuperscript{+} ATPase pump

Question 6

Depolarization of a neuron occurs when:

Accepted Answer

The inside of the cell becomes less negative (more positive) relative to the outside.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes a graded potential?

Accepted Answer

A local change in membrane potential that varies in amplitude and can summate.

Question 8

During the propagation of an action potential along a myelinated axon, the electrical impulse jumps from one node of Ranvier to the next. This process is called:

Accepted Answer

Saltatory conduction

Question 9

Which factor would most likely increase the conduction velocity of an action potential in a neuron?

Accepted Answer

Increasing the axon diameter and adding myelination

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a functional classification of nerve fibers?

Accepted Answer

Glial fiber

Question 11

At a chemical synapse, neurotransmitter release is triggered by:

Accepted Answer

Influx of calcium ions into the presynaptic terminal

Question 12

Which of the following best describes an excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP)?

Accepted Answer

A depolarization that increases the likelihood of an action potential

Question 13

Ionotropic neurotransmitter receptors are characterized by:

Accepted Answer

Directly opening ion channels upon ligand binding

Question 14

Which neurotransmitter classification is based on the chemical structure of the molecule?

Accepted Answer

Structural classification

Question 15

Neural integration refers to:

Accepted Answer

The summation of multiple synaptic inputs to produce a coordinated output.

Question 16

A patient is experiencing muscle weakness due to a defect in the Na	extsuperscript{+}/K	extsuperscript{+} ATPase pump. Which of the following best explains the physiological consequence?

Accepted Answer

The resting membrane potential is disrupted, impairing the ability to generate action potentials.

Question 17

If a neuron receives both excitatory and inhibitory inputs simultaneously, what determines whether an action potential will be generated?

Accepted Answer

The net summation of all postsynaptic potentials at the axon hillock

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why myelinated axons conduct action potentials faster than unmyelinated axons?

Accepted Answer

Myelination allows action potentials to jump between nodes of Ranvier, reducing capacitance and increasing conduction speed.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events during the generation of an action potential?

Accepted Answer

Depolarization, repolarization, hyperpolarization

Question 20

A neuron receives a series of subthreshold EPSPs in rapid succession. What process allows these to combine and potentially trigger an action potential?

Accepted Answer

Temporal summation

Neural Structure, Function, and Physiology: Study Notes for Anatomy & Physiology

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