Question 1

Which type of neuroglial cell is primarily responsible for maintaining the blood-brain barrier in the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

Astrocytes

Question 2

A patient suffers a spinal cord injury. Which neuroglial cell type is most likely to proliferate in response to inflammation and help remove cellular debris by phagocytosis?

Accepted Answer

Microglia

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the function of Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

Accepted Answer

They are responsible for myelinating axons.

Question 4

A neuron is at rest with a membrane potential of $$-70\ \mathrm{mV}. If a $$stimulus opens chemically-gated sodium channels, what is the immediate effect on the membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

It becomes less negative (depolarizes).

Question 5

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the repair of injured axons in the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Axon regeneration is more likely in the PNS and is known as Wallerian degeneration.

Question 6

Which type of gated channel is most likely to be found at the synaptic terminal and is essential for neurotransmitter release?

Accepted Answer

Voltage-gated calcium channels

Question 7

A patient has a genetic disorder that prevents the formation of myelin in the CNS. Which cell type is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocytes

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why graded potentials decrease in strength as they move away from the site of stimulation?

Accepted Answer

Ions diffuse and current leaks across the membrane, reducing the potential.

Question 9

Which of the following is a function of tanycytes, a type of ependymal cell?

Accepted Answer

Transporting substances between cerebrospinal fluid and brain

Question 10

If a neuron’s membrane potential changes from $$-70\ \mathrm{mV} to$$ $$-55\ \mathrm{mV}$$, what has occurred?

Accepted Answer

The neuron has reached threshold and may initiate an action potential.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the difference between white matter and gray matter in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

White matter contains myelinated axons; gray matter contains neuron cell bodies and unmyelinated axons.

Question 12

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the function of mechanically-gated channels?

Accepted Answer

A hair cell in the inner ear responds to vibration by opening ion channels.

Question 13

Which of the following statements about satellite cells is correct?

Accepted Answer

They surround neuron cell bodies in PNS ganglia and regulate the environment.

Question 14

A researcher is studying the effects of a drug that blocks voltage-gated sodium channels along the axon. What is the most likely effect on neural signaling?

Accepted Answer

Action potentials will not be generated or propagated.

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why mature neurons do not typically divide after injury?

Accepted Answer

They are terminally differentiated and do not undergo mitosis.

Question 16

Which of the following is a direct result of opening more chemically-gated ion channels in a neuron’s membrane?

Accepted Answer

A greater area of the membrane is affected and the stimulus is stronger.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of ependymocytes?

Accepted Answer

They circulate cerebrospinal fluid using motile cilia.

Question 18

A patient with multiple sclerosis experiences demyelination in the CNS. Which of the following is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Slower propagation of action potentials along affected axons.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the distribution of gated channels in a typical neuron?

Accepted Answer

Chemically-gated channels are found on dendrites and cell bodies; voltage-gated sodium and potassium channels are found along the axon.

Question 20

A graded potential is generated in a neuron. Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

The change in membrane potential is directly proportional to the intensity of the stimulus.

Neuroglia and Membrane Potentials: Study Notes for Anatomy & Physiology

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제

학습 가이드 - 플래시카드