Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system?

Accepted Answer

Production of hormones

Question 2

A patient presents with a fracture in the shaft of their femur. Which part of the long bone is affected?

Accepted Answer

Diaphysis

Question 3

Which bone type is characterized by being small, flat, and developing inside tendons near joints?

Accepted Answer

Sesamoid bones

Question 4

What is the primary mineral component of bone matrix, and what is its chemical formula?

Accepted Answer

Hydroxyapatite, $$Ca_{10}(PO_4$)_6(OH)_2$$

Question 5

Which cell type is responsible for bone resorption and is derived from stem cells that produce macrophages?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts

Question 6

During bone remodeling, what would happen if osteoclast activity exceeded osteoblast activity over time?

Accepted Answer

Bones would become weaker

Question 7

Which hormone increases blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclasts and decreasing calcium excretion at the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 8

A deficiency in which vitamin would most directly impair collagen synthesis and osteoblast differentiation?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin C

Question 9

Which structure in compact bone contains blood vessels and is surrounded by concentric lamellae?

Accepted Answer

Central canal

Question 10

Which process describes the formation of bone from hyaline cartilage, and is responsible for most bone development in the body?

Accepted Answer

Endochondral ossification

Question 11

A long bone stops growing in length when the epiphyseal cartilage disappears. What is this remnant called on an X-ray?

Accepted Answer

Epiphyseal line

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the structure of a flat bone such as the parietal bone?

Accepted Answer

A sandwich of spongy bone between two layers of compact bone

Question 13

Which bone marking is most likely to be found where tendons and ligaments attach?

Accepted Answer

Projection

Question 14

A patient with osteoporosis is at increased risk for which type of fracture due to weakened spongy bone in the vertebrae?

Accepted Answer

Compression fracture

Question 15

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the periosteum?

Accepted Answer

It isolates bone from surrounding tissues and participates in bone growth and repair

Question 16

Which equation best represents the chemical reaction forming hydroxyapatite in bone matrix?

Accepted Answer

$$Ca_3$$($$PO_4)_2 + Ca(OH)_2$$ \rightarrow Ca_{10}($$PO_4)_6(OH)_2$

Question 17

Which of the following would most likely result from a lack of weight-bearing exercise?

Accepted Answer

Decreased bone mass and increased risk of osteoporosis

Question 18

Which cell type is most active during the repair of a bone fracture, replacing cartilage with spongy bone?

Accepted Answer

Osteoblasts

Question 19

Which hormone is secreted by the thyroid and acts to decrease blood calcium levels?

Accepted Answer

Calcitonin

Question 20

A patient with cancer is found to have severe osteoporosis due to increased osteoclast activity. Which factor is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclast-activating factor released by cancerous tissue

Osseous Tissue and Bone Structure: An Overview

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