Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system?

Accepted Answer

Production of hormones

Question 2

A patient presents with a fracture in the patella. Based on bone classification by shape, which type of bone is the patella?

Accepted Answer

Sesamoid bone

Question 3

Which bone marking is most likely to be found where a tendon attaches to a bone?

Accepted Answer

Projection

Question 4

Which of the following bones is classified as a flat bone?

Accepted Answer

Sternum

Question 5

A long bone consists of several regions. Which region is responsible for articulation with other bones and is mostly composed of spongy bone?

Accepted Answer

Epiphysis

Question 6

Which type of bone cell is responsible for bone resorption and the release of stored minerals?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclast

Question 7

During bone growth, which process involves the replacement of hyaline cartilage with bone?

Accepted Answer

Endochondral ossification

Question 8

Which hormone increases blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclast activity?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 9

A patient with osteoporosis is likely to have increased activity of which bone cell?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts

Question 10

Which of the following equations correctly represents the formation of hydroxyapatite in bone matrix?

Accepted Answer

$$Ca_3$$($$PO_4)_2 + Ca(OH)_2$$ \rightarrow $$Ca_5$$($$PO_4)_3(OH$$)$$

Question 11

Which vitamin is required for collagen synthesis and stimulation of osteoblast differentiation?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin C

Question 12

A fracture that occurs due to twisting stresses on the bone is best described as which type?

Accepted Answer

Spiral fracture

Question 13

Which structure in compact bone contains blood vessels and is surrounded by concentric lamellae?

Accepted Answer

Central canal

Question 14

Which process is responsible for the thickening and strengthening of long bones during growth?

Accepted Answer

Appositional growth

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why bones become thicker and stronger in response to weight-bearing exercise?

Accepted Answer

Osteoblast activity increases, leading to greater bone deposition

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct statement about the periosteum?

Accepted Answer

It isolates bone from surrounding tissues and participates in bone growth and repair

Question 17

Which of the following is true regarding the epiphyseal line in a mature long bone?

Accepted Answer

It is the remnant of the epiphyseal cartilage after bone growth stops

Question 18

A deficiency in which hormone would most likely result in decreased calcium absorption from the digestive tract?

Accepted Answer

Calcitriol

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of osteoprogenitor cells in bone repair?

Accepted Answer

They divide to produce osteoblasts that aid in fracture repair

Question 20

Which of the following is a consequence of bone loss due to aging, particularly in the epiphyses, vertebrae, and jaws?

Accepted Answer

Reduction in height and increased risk of tooth loss

Osseous Tissue and Bone Structure: Study Notes

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