Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main difference between the innate and adaptive immune systems?

Accepted Answer

The adaptive immune system has pathogen specificity and memory, while the innate immune system provides generalized defense.

Question 2

A patient receives antibodies from their mother through breast milk. Which type of immunity is this an example of?

Accepted Answer

Naturally acquired passive immunity

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a function of inflammation during an immune response?

Accepted Answer

Directly producing antibodies to neutralize pathogens

Question 4

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events for the two-step process used by natural killer (NK) cells to destroy infected cells?

Accepted Answer

First, secrete perforin to perforate the cell membrane; second, release enzymes to induce apoptosis

Question 5

Which of the following is a cardinal sign of inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Redness

Question 6

A person receives a vaccine and subsequently produces their own antibodies. Which type of immunity does this represent?

Accepted Answer

Artificially acquired active immunity

Question 7

Which of the following cells is most efficient at phagocytosis?

Accepted Answer

Macrophages

Question 8

What is the role of MHC proteins in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

They are found on the surface of antigen-presenting cells and display antigens to T cells.

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why the secondary immune response is faster and more effective than the primary response?

Accepted Answer

Memory B cells are already primed to recognize the antigen from the first exposure.

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of helper T cells ($$T_H$$ cells)?

Accepted Answer

They assist other immune cells by releasing cytokines.

Question 11

A patient is exposed to a pathogen for the first time. Which process will occur in their adaptive immune system?

Accepted Answer

Proliferation and differentiation of B cells into plasma cells

Question 12

Which of the following best describes chemotaxis?

Accepted Answer

The chemical signal that moves immune cells to an area of infection

Question 13

Which of the following is true regarding cytotoxic T cells and natural killer (NK) cells?

Accepted Answer

Cytotoxic T cells are antigen-specific, while NK cells are not.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a component of the first or second line of defense in the innate immune system?

Accepted Answer

B cells

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of cytokines in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

They are signal proteins that regulate immunity and inflammation.

Question 16

A child receives a shot containing pre-formed antibodies against a disease. Which type of immunity is this?

Accepted Answer

Artificially acquired passive immunity

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct pairing of immune cell and its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Macrophage – phagocytosis

Question 18

Which of the following is a real-life example of naturally acquired active immunity?

Accepted Answer

Getting sick with chickenpox and recovering

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why loss of function is sometimes considered a fifth cardinal sign of infection?

Accepted Answer

It results from the combined effects of redness, swelling, pain, and heat impairing tissue function.

Question 20

During an inflammatory response, which chemical is released by mast cells and basophils to cause vasodilation?

Accepted Answer

Histamine

Overview of the Immune System: Lines of Defense and Immunity

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