Question 1

Which structure in a typical long bone is responsible for reducing friction at the joint surfaces?

Accepted Answer

Articular cartilage

Question 2

A 12-year-old patient is diagnosed with a fracture that passes through the growth plate of the femur. Which anatomical structure is directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Epiphyseal plate

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the function of the medullary cavity in a long bone?

Accepted Answer

It contains yellow bone marrow and stores fat.

Question 4

During a bone marrow biopsy, a sample is taken from the red marrow. Which of the following is a primary function of red marrow?

Accepted Answer

Blood cell formation

Question 5

Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between the total bone mass ($$M$$), the density of bone tissue ($$\rho$$), and the volume of bone ($$V$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$M = ho 	imes V$$

Question 6

A patient with osteoporosis is found to have thinning of the layer of bony matrix around the central canal in osteons. What is this layer called?

Accepted Answer

Lamella

Question 7

Which structure is a thin membrane lining the internal bone surfaces, including the medullary cavity, and contains osteoprogenitor cells?

Accepted Answer

Endosteum

Question 8

A long bone is fractured at its shaft. Which anatomical term best describes the shaft of a long bone?

Accepted Answer

Diaphysis

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the function of canaliculi in compact bone?

Accepted Answer

They are tiny canals connecting osteocytes for nutrient exchange.

Question 10

A patient has a bone infection that has spread to the outer fibrous membrane covering the bone. Which structure is affected?

Accepted Answer

Periosteum

Question 11

Which of the following is the correct sequence of structures a needle would pass through during a bone marrow aspiration from the shaft of a long bone?

Accepted Answer

Periosteum → Compact bone → Endosteum → Medullary cavity

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of the epiphyseal plate in a growing child?

Accepted Answer

It is the site of longitudinal bone growth.

Question 13

A histological section of bone shows a central canal surrounded by concentric rings. What is the central canal's primary function?

Accepted Answer

To carry blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves

Question 14

Which of the following statements about yellow bone marrow is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is found mainly in the medullary cavity of long bones.

Question 15

If a patient has damage to the articular cartilage of a long bone, which of the following symptoms is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Increased friction and pain at the joint

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of the periosteum?

Accepted Answer

It covers the outer surface of bone and serves as an attachment point for tendons and ligaments.

Question 17

A patient is found to have a deficiency in osteoprogenitor cells. Which structure is most likely to be affected?

Accepted Answer

Endosteum

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the difference between compact bone and spongy bone?

Accepted Answer

Compact bone is dense and forms the outer layer of bones, while spongy bone is porous and found at the ends of long bones.

Question 19

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating the volume ($$V) of a $$cylindrical diaphysis of a long bone, given its length ($$L) $$and radius ($$r$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$V = \pi r^2$ L$$

Question 20

A patient with leukemia requires a bone marrow transplant. Which part of the long bone is most likely to be targeted for harvesting red marrow in adults?

Accepted Answer

Epiphysis

Overview of the Skeleton: Structure of Bones – Gross Anatomy of the Typical Long Bone

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