Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

Accepted Answer

To connect the central nervous system (CNS) to limbs and organs, serving as a communication relay

Question 2

A patient is unable to feel touch on the lateral side of their forearm. Which structure is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

A dermatome corresponding to the cervical spinal nerves

Question 3

Which of the following correctly matches a nerve with its plexus?

Accepted Answer

Femoral nerve – lumbar plexus

Question 4

A reflex arc typically follows which correct sequence?

Accepted Answer

Receptor $$\rightarrow$$ Sensory neuron $$\rightarrow$$ Integration center $$\rightarrow$$ Motor neuron $$\rightarrow$$ Effector

Question 5

Which of the following best describes a mixed nerve?

Accepted Answer

A nerve that contains both sensory and motor fibers

Question 6

The fight-or-flight response is primarily mediated by which division of the PNS?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system

Question 7

Which connective tissue layer directly surrounds individual axons within a nerve?

Accepted Answer

Endoneurium

Question 8

A patient presents with difficulty breathing due to paralysis of the diaphragm. Which nerve and plexus are most likely involved?

Accepted Answer

Phrenic nerve; cervical plexus

Question 9

Which root of a spinal nerve contains only sensory neurons?

Accepted Answer

Dorsal root

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of an exteroreceptor?

Accepted Answer

Photoreceptor in the retina

Question 11

A patient has lost the ability to move their right leg but can still feel sensations in it. Which part of the spinal nerve is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Ventral root

Question 12

Which cranial nerve is responsible for the sense of smell and is classified as a sensory nerve?

Accepted Answer

Olfactory nerve (CN I)

Question 13

Why are dermatomes clinically significant?

Accepted Answer

They help identify the location of spinal cord or nerve root injuries

Question 14

Which type of sensory receptor is most likely to detect changes in blood pH?

Accepted Answer

Chemoreceptor

Question 15

A person touches a hot stove and immediately withdraws their hand. Which best describes this response?

Accepted Answer

A spinal reflex

Question 16

Which of the following best describes an interoreceptor?

Accepted Answer

A receptor that detects stimuli from within the body, such as blood pressure

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a function of the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Controlling skeletal muscle contraction

Question 18

A patient has damage to the brachial plexus. Which of the following symptoms is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Weakness or paralysis in the upper limb

Question 19

Which equation best represents the relationship between the number of spinal nerves ($$N$$), the number of cervical ($$C$$), thoracic ($$T$$), lumbar ($$L$$), sacral ($$S$$), and coccygeal ($$Co) $$nerves?

Accepted Answer

$$N = C + T + L + S + Co$$

Question 20

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the integration of both the somatic and autonomic divisions of the PNS?

Accepted Answer

Withdrawing your hand from a hot object while your heart rate increases

Peripheral Nervous System: Structure, Function, and Clinical Significance

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