Q: According to the principle of mass balance, which equation correctly represents the total amount of a substance in the body?

$$\text{Total amount} = (\text{intake} + \text{production}) - (\text{excretion} + \text{metabolism})$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between internal and external body surfaces?

Accepted Answer

External body surfaces are continuous with the external environment, while internal surfaces can only be accessed from internal body fluid or by transport across an external face membrane.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT considered an external body surface?

Accepted Answer

Cardiovascular and lymphatic membranes

Question 3

The surface of a cell membrane facing the lumen of a hollow structure is called the:

Accepted Answer

Apical or luminal face

Question 4

Which organelle is primarily responsible for packaging synthesized proteins into transport vesicles?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 5

Water-soluble molecules can only cross the cell membrane by:

Accepted Answer

Passing through a channel or being transported by a carrier or vesicle

Question 6

Which of the following is a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

Lipid synthesis and drug detoxification

Question 7

Which statement about the cell membrane is correct?

Accepted Answer

It consists of phospholipids interspersed with cholesterol, leading to overall lipid quality.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the role of the glycocalyx?

Accepted Answer

It is a layer of sugars attached to membrane proteins or lipids, often acting as signal or recognition molecules.

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of a negative feedback loop in physiology?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of blood glucose levels by insulin

Question 10

According to the principle of mass balance, which equation correctly represents the total amount of a substance in the body?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Total amount} = (	ext{intake} + 	ext{production}) - (	ext{excretion} + 	ext{metabolism})$$

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a variable most closely regulated by the body to maintain homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Blood pressure

Question 12

Feedforward reflexes differ from negative feedback loops because they:

Accepted Answer

Anticipate the need for a change before the change actually occurs

Question 13

Which of the following organelles is responsible for digesting endocytosed molecules or damaged cell parts?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 14

Which of the following statements about epithelial membranes is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Epithelial membranes are close-packed to create a continuous layer that can limit movement between compartments.

Question 15

Which of the following is a priority for water balance in the body?

Accepted Answer

Both maintaining proper solute concentration of body fluids and proper blood viscosity

Question 16

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the movement of lipid-soluble molecules across the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Lipid-soluble molecules freely diffuse across the membrane.

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of peroxisomes?

Accepted Answer

Digesting fatty acids and foreign molecules

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why pH and temperature must be maintained in a narrow range for proteins?

Accepted Answer

Proteins can lose their shape and function if pH or temperature deviates from the optimal range.

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a function of membrane proteins?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing ATP for cellular energy

Physiological Systems, Biological Membranes, and Homeostasis: Structured Study Notes

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