Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between internal and external body surfaces?

Accepted Answer

External body surfaces are continuous with the external environment, while internal surfaces can only be accessed from internal body fluid or by transport across an external face membrane.

Question 2

Which organelle is primarily responsible for packaging synthesized proteins into transport vesicles?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 3

A water-soluble molecule needs to cross the cell membrane. Which of the following mechanisms is most likely to be used?

Accepted Answer

Transport via a channel or carrier protein

Question 4

Which of the following is a correct statement about mass balance in the body?

Accepted Answer

Any gain of a substance must be offset by an equal loss for the amount to remain constant.

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of a positive feedback loop in human physiology?

Accepted Answer

Childbirth contractions

Question 6

The surface of a cell membrane facing the lumen of a hollow structure is called the:

Accepted Answer

Apical or luminal face

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why lipid-soluble molecules can freely diffuse across the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

The cell membrane consists of phospholipids interspersed with cholesterol, creating a lipid environment.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 9

A patient has a disruption in the epithelial membrane separating blood plasma from interstitial fluid. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Uncontrolled movement of solutes between compartments

Question 10

Which of the following is a priority for water balance in the body?

Accepted Answer

Maintaining proper solute concentration of body fluids

Question 11

Which of the following cell membrane components acts as a signal or recognition molecule?

Accepted Answer

Glycocalyx (membrane carbohydrates)

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of feedback loops in homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

They allow communication between cells to maintain homeostasis by monitoring and responding to changes in the environment.

Question 13

Which of the following is most likely to occur if the pH and temperature in the body are not maintained within a narrow range?

Accepted Answer

Proteins may lose their shape, leading to loss of function.

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of lysosomes?

Accepted Answer

Digesting endocytosed molecules or damaged cell parts

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of membrane proteins?

Accepted Answer

They mediate specific interactions between the cell and the extracellular environment.

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of a feedforward reflex?

Accepted Answer

Salivation in anticipation of eating

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why water-soluble molecules cannot freely diffuse across the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

The cell membrane is composed of a hydrophobic lipid bilayer that prevents passage of water-soluble molecules.

Question 18

Which of the following organelles is the location of aerobic ATP synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about the direction of reversible chemical reactions in the body?

Accepted Answer

Reactions will progress in the direction that favors even distribution of reactants and products.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a variable most closely regulated by the body for homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Blood glucose

Physiological Systems, Biological Membranes, and Homeostasis: Structured Study Notes

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