$$3\mathrm{Na}^+ \text{ OUT for every } 2\mathrm{K}^+ \text{ IN}$$

Question 1

Which region of the neuron is primarily responsible for the reception of signals from other neurons?

Accepted Answer

Dendrites

Question 2

A neuron is described as 'amitotic.' What is the significance of this property?

Accepted Answer

Neurons cannot divide, so damage is often permanent.

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the effect of axon diameter on the speed of action potential propagation?

Accepted Answer

Larger diameter axons conduct impulses faster due to less resistance.

Question 4

Which equation correctly represents the action of the Na+/K+ ATPase pump in maintaining the resting membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

$$3\mathrm{Na}^+ 	ext{ OUT for every } 2\mathrm{K}^+ 	ext{ IN}$$

Question 5

A patient with multiple sclerosis experiences muscle weakness and vision problems. Which cellular structure is primarily affected in this disease?

Accepted Answer

Myelin sheath

Question 6

Which of the following statements about the resting membrane potential (RMP) of a neuron is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

The membrane is more permeable to K+ than to Na+.

Question 7

Which type of ion channel opens in response to a neurotransmitter binding to its receptor?

Accepted Answer

Chemically-gated channel

Question 8

During the depolarization phase of an action potential, which ion moves into the neuron, and through which type of channel?

Accepted Answer

Na+ through voltage-gated channels

Question 9

Why is the propagation of an action potential along an axon described as 'unidirectional'?

Accepted Answer

Because the refractory period prevents the action potential from traveling backward.

Question 10

Which of the following best explains the 'all-or-none' nature of the action potential?

Accepted Answer

Once threshold is reached, an action potential of fixed size is generated.

Question 11

Saltatory conduction refers to:

Accepted Answer

The jumping of action potentials from one node of Ranvier to the next in myelinated axons.

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct description of an excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP)?

Accepted Answer

It depolarizes the postsynaptic membrane, increasing the likelihood of an action potential.

Question 13

Which of the following mechanisms does NOT terminate chemical synaptic transmission?

Accepted Answer

Continuous release of neurotransmitter from the postsynaptic neuron

Question 14

A neuron receives simultaneous EPSPs and IPSPs at different locations on its receptive region. What is this phenomenon called?

Accepted Answer

Spatial summation

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of the axon hillock?

Accepted Answer

It integrates incoming signals and initiates action potentials if threshold is reached.

Question 16

Which equation best represents the Nernst equation for calculating the equilibrium potential of an ion?

Accepted Answer

$$E_{ion} = \frac{RT}{zF} \ln \left( \frac{[ion]_{out}}{[ion]_{in}} \right)$$

Question 17

Which of the following is TRUE regarding electrical synapses?

Accepted Answer

They allow direct current flow between cells via gap junctions.

Question 18

During the relative refractory period, a neuron:

Accepted Answer

Can generate another action potential only if the stimulus is stronger than usual.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the effect of increased frequency of action potentials at a chemical synapse?

Accepted Answer

It increases the amount of neurotransmitter released.

Question 20

A toxin is transported from the axon terminal to the cell body of a neuron. Which type of axonal transport is responsible?

Accepted Answer

Retrograde transport

Physiology of Neurons – ANP1105 Study Notes

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