Question 1

A patient performs a forced vital capacity (FVC) maneuver. Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation of vital capacity ($$VC) in $$terms of lung volumes?

Accepted Answer

$$VC = TV + IRV + ERV$$

Question 2

A healthy adult inhales maximally and then exhales as much as possible. The volume of air exhaled is best described as:

Accepted Answer

Vital capacity

Question 3

Which of the following is the primary factor that determines the direction of gas movement during internal respiration?

Accepted Answer

Partial pressure gradient

Question 4

Atmospheric pressure is $$760\ \mathrm{mm\ Hg}$$, intrapulmonary pressure is $$758\ \mathrm{mm\ Hg}$$, and intrapleural pressure is $$754\ \mathrm{mm\ Hg}. $$What will happen to air movement?

Accepted Answer

Inspiration

Question 5

Which law explains why carbon dioxide, despite its low partial pressure, dissolves readily in blood plasma?

Accepted Answer

Henry's law

Question 6

A patient with a stab wound to the chest has intrapleural pressure equal to atmospheric pressure. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Collapse

Question 7

Which of the following will NOT increase airway resistance?

Accepted Answer

The sympathetic nervous system

Question 8

Which instrument is used to measure lung volumes and capacities in a clinical setting?

Accepted Answer

Spirometer

Question 9

Extremely low concentrations of oxygen in the blood are referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Hypoxemia

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the relationship between blood flow and the amount of air reaching the alveoli?

Accepted Answer

Ventilation-perfusion matching

Question 11

A patient with chronic bronchitis has increased airway resistance. Which of the following is the most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

Narrowing of conducting zone passageways

Question 12

Which of the following factors does NOT affect the efficiency of tissue gas exchange?

Accepted Answer

The diameter of an alveolus

Question 13

During expiration, air moves out of the lungs when the pressure inside the lungs is:

Accepted Answer

Greater than atmospheric pressure

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT classified as a nonrespiratory movement?

Accepted Answer

Breathing

Question 15

Which law states that the total pressure of a gas mixture is the sum of the partial pressures of its individual gases?

Accepted Answer

Dalton's law

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why carbon dioxide dissolves better in plasma than oxygen?

Accepted Answer

It has a higher solubility in water

Question 17

Which of the following best describes tidal volume?

Accepted Answer

The air exchanged during normal breathing

Question 18

According to Boyle's law, what happens to pressure when the volume of a gas decreases at constant temperature?

Accepted Answer

Pressure increases

Question 19

Which of the following is the main muscle responsible for pulmonary ventilation?

Accepted Answer

Diaphragm

Question 20

Which of the following pressures is NOT a gradient that influences pulmonary ventilation?

Accepted Answer

Hydrostatic pressure

Question 21

What is the volume of air that remains in the lungs after a forced expiration?

Accepted Answer

Residual volume

Pulmonary Physiology: Key Concepts and Review

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