Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the pulmonary system?

Accepted Answer

To obtain oxygen from the atmosphere for cellular use and eliminate carbon dioxide produced by metabolism

Question 2

A patient with cystic fibrosis has thickened mucus in the airways, reducing the surface area available for gas exchange. According to Fick's Law, which of the following changes would most directly decrease the rate of oxygen diffusion across the alveolar membrane?

Accepted Answer

Decreasing the surface area for diffusion

Question 3

Which of the following equations correctly represents Fick's First Law of Diffusion as applied to respiratory gas exchange?

Accepted Answer

$$J = -D \frac{dC}{dx}$$

Question 4

During intense exercise, a person's oxygen consumption increases. Which of the following best explains why ventilation must also increase?

Accepted Answer

To increase the rate of oxygen delivery to tissues and removal of carbon dioxide produced by increased metabolism

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a major function of the pulmonary system?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of red blood cells

Question 6

A patient with pulmonary fibrosis has a thickened alveolar membrane. According to Fick's Law, how does this affect the rate of gas diffusion?

Accepted Answer

It decreases the rate of diffusion by increasing the diffusion distance

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why large multicellular organisms, such as humans, require a specialized pulmonary system for gas exchange?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen diffuses too slowly over large distances to meet metabolic demands

Question 8

Which of the following is a correct statement about the difference between external and internal respiration?

Accepted Answer

External respiration is the exchange of gases between the atmosphere and the blood, while internal respiration is the exchange of gases between the blood and the tissues

Question 9

A patient is diagnosed with a pulmonary embolism, which blocks blood flow to part of the lung. Which process in the cardio-pulmonary system is most directly impaired?

Accepted Answer

Exchange of gases between the lungs and the blood

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the relationship between the pressure of a gas and its concentration in a solution, according to Henry's Law?

Accepted Answer

The concentration of a gas in solution is directly proportional to its partial pressure

Question 11

Which of the following equations best represents the mean squared distance traveled by a molecule during diffusion, according to Fick's Second Law?

Accepted Answer

$$x^2 = 2Dt$

Question 12

A person inhales a pathogen that is trapped in the mucus lining of the respiratory tract. Which function of the pulmonary system is being demonstrated?

Accepted Answer

Protection from inhaled pathogens

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why oxygen cannot simply diffuse from the atmosphere into the tissues of a human body without a specialized respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

The distance for diffusion is too great, making the process too slow to meet metabolic needs

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct sequence of the four integrated processes served by the cardio-pulmonary system?

Accepted Answer

1) Exchange of air between atmosphere and lungs; 2) Exchange of O2 and CO2 between lungs and blood; 3) Transport of gases in the blood; 4) Exchange of gases between blood and cells

Question 15

A patient with sleep apnea experiences repeated episodes of airway obstruction during sleep. Which process is most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Exchange of air between the atmosphere and the lungs

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of mitochondria in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

They convert nutrient biochemical energy into ATP using oxygen

Question 17

If the diffusion coefficient ($$D) $$for oxygen in lung tissue is $$2 	imes 10$$^{-5}$$ \ \mathrm{cm}^2/\mathrm{s}$$, how long would it take for oxygen to diffuse a distance of $$100 \ \mu\mathrm{m}$$? Use Fick's Second Law: $$x^2 = 2Dt$.

Accepted Answer

About $$0.25$$ milliseconds (i.e., $$2.5 	imes 10$$^{-4}$$ seconds)

Question 18

Which of the following is a common misconception about the process of diffusion in the context of respiratory physiology?

Accepted Answer

Diffusion can supply all tissues with oxygen regardless of organism size

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the limitation of diffusion as a means of oxygen delivery in humans?

Accepted Answer

Diffusion is only effective over very short distances due to the time required increasing with the square of the distance

Respiratory Physiology: Module 1 Study Notes

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제

학습 가이드 - 플래시카드